UDP- glucose 12. pathway glycogen ATP+ HCO amino acid 9. metabolite glu 'NH. & metabolite ornithine 7. pathway citrulline glucose-1- phosphate 11. pathway urea glucose-6- phosphate 20. pathway 10. reaction 19. enzyme oxaloacetate pyruvate fum arate 6 pathway acetyl CoA 17. pathway 14 & 15. reduced coenzymes 5. pathway ADP + A 4. reduced coenzyme 18. metabolite 6-phosphoglucono- d-lactone fatty acyl COA 3. pathway fatty acid biosynthesis ATP , acetone 2. pathway 1. final product 16. final oxidized product 13. metabolite H₂O
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Integration of Metabolism
Complete the interrelated pathways by providing the necessary metabolite, enzyme, and reaction or metabolic pathway. Abbreviations and acronyms for pathways, metabolites, products and enzymes will not be accepted (For coenzymes, you may use abbreviations/acronyms).
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- Which of the followinga. phosphopentose isomeraseb. acetyl CoA carboxylasec. isocitrate dehydrogenased. fructose 1,6,biphosphatase-1e. glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenaseis appropriate for this analogyglycolysis:phosphofructokinase-1:______:pentose phosphate pathwayCHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.What are the B-oxidation products of lauric acid (C12H2402), a major component of coconut oil?A.6 acetyl-CoA, 6 NADH, 6 FADH2B. 6 acetyl-CoA, 5 NADH, 5 FADH2C. 5 acetyl-CoA, 6 NADH, 6 FADH2D. 5 acetyl-CoA, 5 NADH, 5 FADH2 2.What is the mechanism of ATP synthesis in glycolysis?A. substrate level phosphorylationB. reductionC. oxidationD. oxidative phosphorylation 3.Which of the following enzymes need ATP as a substrate in the reaction?A.phosphoglycerate kinaseB. phosphofructokinaseC. pyruvate kinaseD.glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseWhat is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of acetyl CoA? oxidation regeneration of lipoamide decarboxylation transfer to lipoamide transfer to CoA
- What is incorrect in the diagram shown below? Mall-com Thiolysis SCOA + H₂S-Co COA Acetyl CoA Acetyl CoA H₂C The products should be acetyl CoA and propionyl CoA. Sulfur should not be present in any molecular structure. Acyl group cleavage occurs in a different step of the B-oxidation pathway. The B-oxidation pathway directly generates ATP, which is not shown here.Write the inhibitors of following metabolic pathways 1. glycolysis 2. TCAStep 2 of B-oxidation involves a reaction with chemistry characterized as a dehydration. B-Oxidation is shown below. H HO || || C-C-S – CoA FAD но R-CH2- C Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase H-C-C -S- CoA Acetyl-CoA Fatty acyl-CoA H FADH2 - CH2 - -c-S- CoA R- Thiolase Fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbons COA-SH H. он Successive cycles R-CH2-C-C- -C-S- CoA R– CH2 C=C-C-S-CoA H B-Ketoacyl-Co.A trans-A²Enoyl-CoA NADH + H* H,0 H H L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Enoyl-CoA hydratase R- CH,-c-c-C- S-CoA Но H NAD+ L-B-Hydroxyacyl-CoA True O False
- Which enzyme is used for both the synthesis and breakdown of acetoacetate? thiolase O HMG-CoA synthase OB-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase O B-Ketoacyl-CoA transferasev Hydroxy methyl glutaryl coA Match the following metabolites with the correct metabolic pathway v Propionyl-CoA A. Kreb's cycle v Dihydroxy acetone phosphate B. Soluble fiber fermenta v succinyl co-A C. Cholesterol synthesis v Hydroxy methyl glutaryl coA D. glycolysis v Hydroxy-butyrate E. Beta oxidationFill in the blanks below (input numbers only!) about the metabolism of hexanoic acid, a fatty acid that is one of the components of vanilla, and whose formula is CH3(CH2)4COOH: First, the fatty acid is activated by attaching CoA, which costs ATP molecules. The fatty acid is then broken down through a beta-oxidation spiral, to make acetyl CoA molecules. This will require "turns" of the beta-oxidation process. Since each turn of the cycle yields ATP molecules, and each acetyl COA will yield ATP molecules by going through the rest of its metabolism, the net ATP molecules produced from one molecule of this fatty acid will be
- Acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA are both highenergy thioesters, but their chemical energy is put to differentuses. Elaborate.A. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.Which of the following enzymes catalyze the reaction involved in the production of FADHy in the Kreb's cycle?A. malate dehydrogenaseB. a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseC.isocitrate dehydrogenaseD. succinate dehydrogenase 2.Steric acid requires eight cycles of B-oxidation to be completely converted to acety/-CoA.A.TrueB. False