What are your recommendations for the improvement of this concept map on caring for a client with Otitis Media? LEGENDCase ScenarioDiagnostic Exams &FindingsRisk FactorsYou meet patient J. B, a two-and-a-half-year-old boy. His parents ask for an antibioticprescription right away. J. Bs mom is sure that he has an ear infection.According to her, the last time he had these symptoms he was diagnosed withan ear infection.Nursing Care of Patient with Otitis MediaSurgicalManagementPathophysiologyJ. B's parents tell you that he complains of right ear pain. He has not had any ear discharge.His symptoms started yesterday afternoon, and this morning his rectal temperature was 38.5°C.Last week, J. B suffered from a mild upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) which he caughtfrom daycare. He has not had any diarrhea or vomiting. The only relevant point on pasthistory is a previous AOM at the age of one which was treated for ten days with an unknownantibiotic. He has no allergies or craniofacial abnormalities. He is otherwise healthy.On physical examination, J. B is awake and playful. He has a runny nose with a cleardischarge. His vital signs are within normal limits for his age, except for an oral temperature of38.3°C. His lungs are clear to auscultation, there are no other abnormal findings on examination.There is no lymphadenopathy. On otoscopic examination, you see a bulging and erythematousright tympanic membrane. His left tympanic membrane is normal. J. B is most likely sufferingfrom acute otitis media.Signs andSymptomsComplicationMedical Conditionspredisposing theclient to ear infections-IncusUpper RespiratoryChildren (6 years)Smoke Exposure-MalleusInfectionsMedicalStapesConditionMiddleManagementearEar drumInflammation of surrounding structures in theAllergic Reactions in the Upper RespiratoryTract-Eustachianupper respiratory tractNursing DiagnosisNursing Interventionse Re tubePathogens in nasopharynxsecretions ascend to theEustachian TubeBullous formationThickeningOtitis media-Inflammationand fluidPathogens (Bacterial or Viral)enters the Eustacian Tube)Te entPull earup & backONTIS MEDIA a typically causedby en ollergic reactena viral fedien er e bodelel idetenObstruction of the EustachianTubeMiddle ear effusionPerforationEustachian Tube DysfunctionMerele catahalErythematic, BulgingTympanic MembraneTympanic MembranePerforationStreptecoce preunniceAntibiotic TherapyEardrumPull eardown & backInfonederdrumPathogens enter the MiddleEarMyringotomyNormel midle eMidde ear iletionIOnIS MEDIAAntibiotic OticHow to Instill Ear Drops in ChildrenHow to Instill Ear Drops in AdultsEutachian tubeHoenephlus iluenePreparationNursesiabeOtoscopyConductive HearingSystemic SymptomsOtorrheaOtalgiaAural TendernessNo evidence of Active InfectionLossIndependentACUTE OTITIS MEDIA• Assess the parent's current knowledge on the condition, the risks ofexposing the infant/child to passive smoking, feeding activities witlthe infant, and exposure to illness.• Explain possible causes of OM: exposure to illness of others,irritation from environmental smoke, or formula entering theeustachian tube when the infant is fed in a supine position.• Provide privacy for discussion, promote trust, remainnonjudgmental, and support parents.• Teach parents (and child if age- appropriate) about OM using anear model for demonstration. Ask parents to verbalize theirunderstanding of teaching.Brain AbscessSerous Otitis MediaPermanent HearingAcute Otitis MediaLosNursing Priority #3 DiagnosisDeficient Knowledge r/t Lack of InformationRISK FACTORSMeningitisPopping andCrackling NoisesSensation ofEustachian TubeHearing LossFullness in the EarCongestionattempts to OpenoOtoscopyRecurrentNORMAL EARCorticosteroidsValsalva ManeuverIrreversible TisuePathologyIndependentMyringotomyTympanic MembraneDamagedOssicles DestroyedMastoid Affected• Assess client's description and frequency of pain; Use a pain ratingscale, Observe if the infant is tugging or rubbing an ear.• Monitor and record vital signs closely.Encourage and assist the parent to hold and comfort the client.• Encourage the mother to provide and offer liquid to soft foods.Nursing Priority #1 DiagnosisNursing Priority # 3 Diagnosis:Disturbed Sensory Perception r/t Inflammation andAcute Pain r/tPresence ofOtorrhea (Foul-CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTEOTTTIS MEDIAAcute MastoiditisInflammation and Increase Pressure in thePerforationPainHearing Losssmelling)Edema of Middle EarDependentMiddle EarType !• Administer pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen asprescribed.Systemic AntibioticAgentsApplication ofAntibiotic DropsChronic Otitis MediaOtoscopic Guidance Suctioning of the EarAntibiotic PowderIndependent• Assess client's hearing ability. Ask an older child todescribe hearing loss (e.g., Is my hearing muffledin one ear? or is there an absence of sound in theaffected ear?).• Provide information about the condition andTymnoplastyType IIOtoscopyOssiculoplastyChronic MastoiditisEardrumТympaniccavityMastoidectomyanswer any inquiries. Reassure parents and childthat hearing loss is not permanent and will resolvewith treatment.• Reduce unnecessary environmental noise.• Encourage parentsvoice and look at the child when talking.CholesteatomaТуре IТуре IVType Vspeak in a loud and clearCholesteatomaDependentEnlargesTympanostomy tubeinserted into the eardrumEustachian• Administer pain medication such asacetaminophen or ibuprofen as prescribed.tubeDamage toSurroundingHorizontal CanalFacial Nerve DamageDamageStructuresMedicineNet © 2019

Question

What are your recommendations for the improvement of this concept map on caring for a client with Otitis Media? LEGENDCase ScenarioDiagnostic Exams &FindingsRisk FactorsYou meet patient J. B, a two-and-a-half-year-old boy. His parents ask for an antibioticprescription right away. J. Bs mom is sure that he has an ear infection.According to her, the last time he had these symptoms he was diagnosed withan ear infection.Nursing Care of Patient with Otitis MediaSurgicalManagementPathophysiologyJ. B's parents tell you that he complains of right ear pain. He has not had any ear discharge.His symptoms started yesterday afternoon, and this morning his rectal temperature was 38.5°C.Last week, J. B suffered from a mild upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) which he caughtfrom daycare. He has not had any diarrhea or vomiting. The only relevant point on pasthistory is a previous AOM at the age of one which was treated for ten days with an unknownantibiotic. He has no allergies or craniofacial abnormalities. He is otherwise healthy.On physical examination, J. B is awake and playful. He has a runny nose with a cleardischarge. His vital signs are within normal limits for his age, except for an oral temperature of38.3°C. His lungs are clear to auscultation, there are no other abnormal findings on examination.There is no lymphadenopathy. On otoscopic examination, you see a bulging and erythematousright tympanic membrane. His left tympanic membrane is normal. J. B is most likely sufferingfrom acute otitis media.Signs andSymptomsComplicationMedical Conditionspredisposing theclient to ear infections-IncusUpper RespiratoryChildren (>6 years)Smoke Exposure-MalleusInfectionsMedicalStapesConditionMiddleManagementearEar drumInflammation of surrounding structures in theAllergic Reactions in the Upper RespiratoryTract-Eustachianupper respiratory tractNursing DiagnosisNursing Interventionse Re tubePathogens in nasopharynxsecretions ascend to theEustachian TubeBullous formationThickeningOtitis media-Inflammationand fluidPathogens (Bacterial or Viral)enters the Eustacian Tube)Te entPull earup & backONTIS MEDIA a typically causedby en ollergic reactena viral fedien er e bodelel idetenObstruction of the EustachianTubeMiddle ear effusionPerforationEustachian Tube DysfunctionMerele catahalErythematic, BulgingTympanic MembraneTympanic MembranePerforationStreptecoce preunniceAntibiotic TherapyEardrumPull eardown & backInfonederdrumPathogens enter the MiddleEarMyringotomyNormel midle eMidde ear iletionIOnIS MEDIAAntibiotic OticHow to Instill Ear Drops in ChildrenHow to Instill Ear Drops in AdultsEutachian tubeHoenephlus iluenePreparationNursesiabeOtoscopyConductive HearingSystemic SymptomsOtorrheaOtalgiaAural TendernessNo evidence of Active InfectionLossIndependentACUTE OTITIS MEDIA• Assess the parent's current knowledge on the condition, the risks ofexposing the infant/child to passive smoking, feeding activities witlthe infant, and exposure to illness.• Explain possible causes of OM: exposure to illness of others,irritation from environmental smoke, or formula entering theeustachian tube when the infant is fed in a supine position.• Provide privacy for discussion, promote trust, remainnonjudgmental, and support parents.• Teach parents (and child if age- appropriate) about OM using anear model for demonstration. Ask parents to verbalize theirunderstanding of teaching.Brain AbscessSerous Otitis MediaPermanent HearingAcute Otitis MediaLosNursing Priority #3 DiagnosisDeficient Knowledge r/t Lack of InformationRISK FACTORSMeningitisPopping andCrackling NoisesSensation ofEustachian TubeHearing LossFullness in the EarCongestionattempts to OpenoOtoscopyRecurrentNORMAL EARCorticosteroidsValsalva ManeuverIrreversible TisuePathologyIndependentMyringotomyTympanic MembraneDamagedOssicles DestroyedMastoid Affected• Assess client's description and frequency of pain; Use a pain ratingscale, Observe if the infant is tugging or rubbing an ear.• Monitor and record vital signs closely.Encourage and assist the parent to hold and comfort the client.• Encourage the mother to provide and offer liquid to soft foods.Nursing Priority #1 DiagnosisNursing Priority # 3 Diagnosis:Disturbed Sensory Perception r/t Inflammation andAcute Pain r/tPresence ofOtorrhea (Foul-CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTEOTTTIS MEDIAAcute MastoiditisInflammation and Increase Pressure in thePerforationPainHearing Losssmelling)Edema of Middle EarDependentMiddle EarType !• Administer pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen asprescribed.Systemic AntibioticAgentsApplication ofAntibiotic DropsChronic Otitis MediaOtoscopic Guidance Suctioning of the EarAntibiotic PowderIndependent• Assess client's hearing ability. Ask an older child todescribe hearing loss (e.g., Is my hearing muffledin one ear? or is there an absence of sound in theaffected ear?).• Provide information about the condition andTymnoplastyType IIOtoscopyOssiculoplastyChronic MastoiditisEardrumТympaniccavityMastoidectomyanswer any inquiries. Reassure parents and childthat hearing loss is not permanent and will resolvewith treatment.• Reduce unnecessary environmental noise.• Encourage parentsvoice and look at the child when talking.CholesteatomaТуре IТуре IVType Vspeak in a loud and clearCholesteatomaDependentEnlargesTympanostomy tubeinserted into the eardrumEustachian• Administer pain medication such asacetaminophen or ibuprofen as prescribed.tubeDamage toSurroundingHorizontal CanalFacial Nerve DamageDamageStructuresMedicineNet © 2019

Accepted Answer

Introduction-
Otitis media is known as the inflammation or infection of the middle ear. Otitis media…