What region of the limbic lobe is responsible forgenerating stress responses via the hypothalamus?a. hippocampusb. amygdalac. mammillary bodiesd. prefrontal cortex
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What region of the limbic lobe is responsible for
generating stress responses via the hypothalamus?
a. hippocampus
b. amygdala
c. mammillary bodies
d. prefrontal cortex
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- In the basal ganglia, what is the role of the substantia nigra? the substantia nigra blocks GABA release onto the internal segment of the globus pallidus the substantia nigra inhibits the direct pathway the substantia nigra releases dopamine on the internal segment of the globus pallidus the substantia nigra releases dopamine onto the caudate and putamen In the basal ganglia, which of the following occurs? disinhibition results in the inhibition of glutamate onto the thalamus the release of GABA onto the internal segment of the globus pallidus is excitatory In the indirect pathway, disinhibition blocks glutamate release from the subthalamic nucleus In the direct pathway, disinhibition blocks GABA release onto the thalamusAccording to Squire, what brain areas receive the majority of amygdala outputs during an emotional event? a. The hippocampus subdivisions that controls reward-based responses b. The occipital cortex, the pituitary gland, and the hypothalamus c. Cortical areas that process behaviorally relevant sensory perceptions d. Subcortical areas that control autonomic and motor responses e. The motor cortex, the cerebellum, and the thalamusDiscuss the importance of the hypothalamus to the systems of the body that are affected by the hypothalamus. What would happen if the hypothalamus was removed from the brain? Would the body survive?
- Describe Dr. LeDoux's direct ("fast and dirty") emotional pathways a. Emotional stimulus>dorso-medial thalamus>lateral nucleus of the amygdala b. Emotional stimulus>ventral sensory thalamus>neocortex>lateral nucleus of the amygdala c. Emotional stimulus>ventral sensory thalamus> PAG>central nucleus of the amygdala d. Emotional stimulus>ventral sensory thalamus> Hypothalamus>basolateral nucleus of the amygdalaWhich of the following is correct about the MTL system? a. medial temporal lobe areas receive inputs mainly from frontal association areas b. medial temporal lobe areas receive inputs from many association areas in the neocortex c. according to the “standard model,” recent memory involves the medial temporal hippocampal system whereas remote memory involves amygdala connections with the MTL system d. according to the “standard model,” recent memory involves amygdala connections whereas remote memory involves the medial temporal hippocampal system e. Both A & CState the function of autonomic nervous system. A. Transmits information from periphery to the central nervous system B. Voluntary nervous system that innervates skeletal muscles C. Involuntary nervous system that innervates smooth muscle and glands. D. Important for conscious responses Indicate the correct cerebral lobes and its control. A. Frontal lobe: speech and voluntary movement B. Parietal lobe: conscious perception of vision C. Temporal lobe: taste and reading D. Occipital lobe: smell and hearing
- Match the terms with the appropriate ANS division: P = parasympathetic division; S = sympathetic division. Use one or both choices to answer the question.1. two motor neurons2. short preganglionic axons3. long preganglionic axons4. innervates adrenal medullae5. terminal ganglia6. trunk or chain ganglia7. prevertebral ganglia8. craniosacral division9. thoracolumbar division10. activated during exercise, fighting, or fleeing11. rami communicantes12. promotes digestion13. short postganglionic axons14. long postganglionic axonsAfter a stroke, a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in her left foot. The stroke most likely affected which part of the brain? a. Precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe b. Postcentral gyrus in the right parietal lobe c. Precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe O d. Postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe O e. Postcentral gyrus in the left frontal lobeWhich of the following occurs in Huntington's disease? The cells of the substantia nigra die and no longer release dopamine The dopaminergic inputs into the striatum degenerate The frontal cortex is less excited overall The striatum increases inhibition of the globus pallidus internal segment (GPi) GABAergic inputs into the globus pallidus external segment (GPe) degenerate
- Name the structure that the arrow is pointing at?A. Superior colliculiB. Medial geniculate nucleusC. Thalamus D. Hypothalamus E. Epithalamus/pineal bodyGiven that you are a medical doctor (Obstetrician-gynecologist). You have a patient that has a newly -born child with SPINA BIFIDA. How will you explain the causes and effects of this condition to the parent?state the functions (unless marked *) of the following: Gyrus* Sulcus*. Longitudinal fissure*. Left & right hemispheres* Central sulcus* Frontal lobe* Parietal lobe* Temporal lobe* Occipital lobe* Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus - Pituitary gland* Pineal gland Brain stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebellum - Arbor vitae* Spinal cord Cervical enlargement Lumbar enlargement Filum terminale Conus medullaris* Cauda equina* Spinal nerve Posterior root Posterior root ganglion Anterior root White matter Gray matter Gray commissure Central canal Anterior horn Posterior horn