What would be the individual lifetime cancer risk for an adult male residential consumer
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Suppose a city’s water supply has 0.2 ppb (1ppb=10-3 mg/L) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in it. Using the PCB oral slope factor (7.7 (mg/kg-d)-1 and the EPA recommended exposure factors given in Table 6.14 below, (a) What would be the individual lifetime cancer risk for an adult male residential consumer?(b) In a city of 1 million people, use this risk assessment to estimate the number of extra cancers per year caused by the PCBs in the water supply. “Extra” cancers refers to cancers caused by PCBs (as opposed to other causes such as smoking, etc.)(c) Assume the average cancer death rate in the United States in 193 per 100,000 per year. How many cancer deaths would be expected in a city of 1 million? Do you think the incremental cancers caused by PCBs in the drinking water would be detectable?
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- Your 67 YO 195lb, 5ft 10in male patient diagnosed with testicular cancer has been prescribed ifosfamide 1200mg/M2/day IV for 5 days. You calculate the BSA using the mosteller method as being 2.09m2. Ifosfamide is available in 60mL vials contianing 3g of drug. a) How many mL will you administer each day?rug-B has an elimination half-life of 9 hours, an absorption half-life of 20 minutes and linear harmacokinetics. In a patient, the plasma concentration five hours from the administration of two 60 mg cablets of the drug is 8 ug/mL. What would you expect to be the plasma concentration five hours from the administration of one 60 mg tablets? 1 ug/mL Answer 1-1Using conversion factors, solve each of the following clinicalproblems:a. A nurse practitioner prepares an injection of promethazine,an antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinitis. If thestock bottle is labeled 25 mg /mL and the order is a doseof 12.5 mg, how many milliliters will the nurse draw up inthe syringe?b. You are to give ampicillin 25 mg/kg to a child with a massof 62 lb. If stock on hand is 250 mg /capsule, how manycapsules should be given?
- Acute lymphatic leukemia can respond well to methotrexate given 2.5 mg/kg every 14 days by IV. What would be the appropriate dosage of methotrexate to administer biweekly to a patient weighing 110 pounds?A 70 kg adult male is exposed to cadmium-containing vapors at his worksite. If he inhales 20m3 per work day and he works 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, 48 weeks a year, for 30 years, what is the maximum allowable cadmium concentration in the air if the cancer risk is to be maintained below 10−6? How would the acceptable concentration change if the calculation were repeated for a 50 kg woman? A laboratory trial is conducted to evaluate the risks associated with consumption of pesticide-contaminated water. 45 out of 500 mice exposed to the pesticide-contaminated water develop stomach cancer. 11 out of 500 mice that were not exposed to the pesticide contaminated water also developed cancer. What are: a. the relative risk? b. the attributable risk? c. the odds ratio? Do these epidemiological statistics suggest a potential link between consumption of this water and stomach cancer?Assume that Ali (same patient in question 1) was prescribed vancomycin 1000 mg every 36 hours. After few days, Steady-state vancomycin concentrations were obtained before and after the fourth dose, and the peak concentration (obtained ½ hour after a 1- hour infusion of vancomycin) was 34 µg/mL while the trough concentration (obtained immediately before dosage administration) was 2.5 pg/mL. Compute a revised vancomycin dose for this patient to provide a steady-state peak concentration of 48 ug/mL and a steady- state trough concentration of 17 pg/mL. a. Estimate new rate constant (Ke) and half-life (t1/2) b. Estimate volume of distribution (Vd) using this equation Cmaxss + Cminss C. Calculate the new dose interval d. Calculate the new dose
- Using conversion factors, solve each of the following clinical problems:a. The physician has ordered 1.0 g of tetracycline to be given every six hours to a patient. If your stock on hand is 500-mg tablets, how many will you need for one day’s treatment?b. An intramuscular medication is given at 5.00 mg / kg of body weight. What is the dose for a 180-lb patient?c. A physician has ordered 0.50 mg of atropine, intramuscularly. If atropine were available as 0.10 mg /mL of solution, how many milliliters would you need to give?d. During surgery, a patient receives 5.0 pt of plasma. How many milliliters of plasma were given?What are the advantages and disadvantages of HCR-20 for use in clinical services? I need this to be detailed and thoroughly explained with examples and support from research evidence. Thank you :) 4A cancerous tumour is exposed to an A-emitter with an RBE of 12. What absorbed dose, in Gy, is needed to give the tumour an effective dose of 60 Sv? Report your final answer rounded to two significant digits.
- Your 64YO 152lb, 5ft 8in female patient daignosed with advanced bladder cancerhas been prescribed ifosamide 1500mg/m2/day IV for 5 days. You calculate the BSA using the Mosteller method as being 1.82m2. Ifosfamide is available in 60mL vials containing 3g of drugs. How many mL will you administer each day?1000 Tablets 48, Kandivli Ind Estate, Mumbai 400 067, India by: Ipca Laboratories Limited Jacksonville, FL 32257 USA Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc. Manufactured for Rx only LOT: EXP: 100 mg TABLETS, USP ALLOPURINOL N Each scored tablet contains: Allopurinol, USP........100 mg Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77° F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP. USUAL DOSE: One tablet daily. For indications, dosage, precautions, etc., see accompanying package insert. Code: DNH/DRUGS/NH/170 3 633041153910 NDC 63304-539-10 Non varnish area R RANBAXY LBZTL6 0311 Expiration date Prescription warning Total amount in vial, packet, box Usual adult dose Dosage strength Drug form Lot number (control number) National Drug Code (N D C) # Manufacturer Brand name Generic nameCalculate doses for the drugs indicated below based on the patient's BSA. Calculate the BSA to the nearest hundredth and medication dosages to the nearest tenth. Show complete solutions. 1. An adult who is 68.8 kg and 165 cm needs monthly IV doses of cyclophosphamide for cancer treatment. The recommended monthly dose is 0.5 to 1 g/m2. What is the dose appropriate for this patient? a. If the lowest dose is ordered and cyclophosphamide for IV administration is available as 100 mg/5 mL, how many mL of medication would be added to IV fluid for infusion each month?