Which medieval Roman Catholic Order relied more on experimental observations for knowledge, and less on the metaphysical writings of either Plato or Aristotle? the Benedictines (including St. Anselm of Canterbury) the Franciscans (including Roger Bacon) the Dominicans (including St. Thomas Aquinas) the Stoics (including Zeno of Citium) the Epicureans (including Epicurus of Samos)
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Which medieval Roman Catholic Order relied more on experimental observations for knowledge,
and less on the metaphysical writings of either Plato or Aristotle?
- the Benedictines (including St. Anselm of Canterbury)
- the Franciscans (including Roger Bacon)
- the Dominicans (including St. Thomas Aquinas)
- the Stoics (including Zeno of Citium)
- the Epicureans (including Epicurus of Samos)
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- Which Roman Catholic Order is correctly matched with its favored metaphysical doctrine? the Dominican Order: Pythagorean universalism the Benedictine Order: moderate realism the Franciscan Order: Platonic idealism the Dominican Order: Aristotelian realism the Benedictine Order: Heraclitean particularismThe growing trend of the first European universities (at Oxford, Cambridge, Cologne, Paris, and Rome) to incorporate Aristotelian science and philosophy into their curricula was known as: monotheism polytheism pantheism nominalism scholasticismWhich Roman Catholic Order is correctly matched with its favored metaphysical doctrine? the Dominican Order: Heraclitean particularism the Benedictine Order: Heraclitean particularism the Benedictine Order: Platonic idealism the Dominican Order: Pythagorean universalism the Franciscan Order: Platonic idealism
- The hypothetico-deductive method in science includes all of the following components except: logical deduction (from a universal rule to particular predictions), as emphasized by Aristotle designing a critical test for the hypothesis, as exemplified by Galileo’s test of falling objects unquestioning acceptance of Aristotle’s authority, as practiced by late medieval scholastics continuous testing of the hypothesis by further inquiry, as emphasized by Socrates logical induction (from particulars to universals), as emphasized by PlatoParmenides of Elea, who argued that our perceptions of change are illusions, but logical truths are eternal, held which of the following metaphysical viewpoints? extreme particularism (a view shared with Heraclitus) Aristotelian realism (a view shared with Thales) Platonic idealism (a view shared with Socrates) extreme universalism (a view shared with Pythagoras) all of the aboveAll of the following professors in the newly emerging European universities of the High Middle Ages favored nominalism, rather than Aristotle’s moderate realism, with the exception of: Peter Abelard (at the University of Paris in France) Jean Buridan (at the University of Paris in France) Roger Bacon (at Oxford University in England) Robert Grossteste (at Oxford University in England) William of Ockham (at the University of Paris in France)
- St. Aurelius Augustine, in his theodicy attempting to reconcile freedom and determinism, recognized that any claim about God being powerless to prevent evil would contradict: the doctrine of divine omniscience the doctrine of divine benevolence the doctrine of divine omnipotence the doctrine of divine predestination the doctrine of divine foreknowledgeWhich of the following religious doctrines was not considered to be a heresy by the Council of Nicaea (convened by Constantine during the late Roman Empire, in 325 A.D.)? Gnosticism (which claimed an eternal power struggle between good and evil deities) Trinitarianism (which claimed that God is one deity, with three persons) Docetism (which claimed that Christ was completely spiritual, and not material) Arianism (which claimed that Christ, although divine, was created) Monarchianism (which claimed that Christ was only a man of flesh and blood)St. Aurelius Augustine, in his theodicy attempting to reconcile freedom and determinism, recognized that any claim about God being unwilling to prevent evil would contradict: the doctrine of divine omniscience the doctrine of divine benevolence the doctrine of divine omnipotence the doctrine of divine predestination the doctrine of divine foreknowledge
- The French philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes is credited with proposing arguments in support of all of the following ideas except: God, as a perfect being, would not deceive us in matters of rational thought (ontological argument) the world exists as a duality of eternal things (mind) and temporal things (matter) we can doubt inferences and the evidence of our senses, but we cannot doubt our own existence algebraic formulae can be represented graphically (analytic geometry) our knowledge of the world is merely probabilistic, never absolutely certain (empiricism)Plato and Aristotle agreed on which of the following philosophical doctrines? the metaphysical idea that particulars (not universals) are the only things that really exist the epistemological view that empiricism is the only path to true knowledge the metaphysical idea that universals (not particulars) are the only things that really exist the epistemological view that rationalism is the only path to true knowledge the metaphysical idea that the natural laws governing our world do not change over timeWhich Islamic dynasty (supported by the Sunnites, in their capital city of Damascus in modern Syria) came to power immediately after Muhammad died without leaving a male heir (from 632 to 750 CE)? the Abbasid dynasty the Omayyad dynasty the Nestorian Christians the Brethren of Purity the Ottoman Turks