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- 6. The lens of the eye is the light refracting medium of the eye, and it has no mitochondria. Glucose is used as an energy source in the lens. Which metabolic pathway of glucose supplics energy to the crystalline eye lens? To answer the question: a) write a diagram of the metabolic pathway that provides the eye's lens with ATP, specify enzymes and coenzymes; b) mark the reactions associated with the ATP consumption and synthesis, calculate the ATP yield during the process; c) specify the mechanisms of ATP synthesis in the process; d) name the tissues and cells in which the ATP synthesis is the same as in the lens; e) write the dehydrogenation reaction and the reaction of final product formation occurring in the process; 6.3. Gluconeogenesis. Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 271 ) indicate the fate of the end product of the process and the consequences of its accumulation.10) Describe the process of cellular respiration, from the introduction of a glucose molecule into the cytoplasm to the production of the final ATP made from energy contained within that glucose molecule.6. The lens of the eye si the light refracting medium of the eye, and ti has no mitochondria. Glucose is used sa an energy source ni the lens. Which metabolic pathway of glucose supplies energy to the crystalline eye lens? To answer the question: a) write a diagram of the metabolic pathway that provides the eye's lens with ATP, specify enzymes and coenzymes; b) mark the reactions associated with the ATP consumption and synthesis, calculate the ATP yield during the process; )c specify the mechanisms ofATP synthesis ni the process; d)name the tissues and cells in which the ATP synthesis is the same as in hte lens; e) writethe dehydrogenation reaction and the reactionoffinal product formation occurring in the process;
- 10. Oxidative Phosphorylation; a. Occurs in which organelle of the cell and in what structure of this organelle? b. Write the names of the enzyme complexes.10. Glycolysis is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that converts glucose molecules into pyruvate and yields a net of two molecules of adenosine triphosphate.Which molecule donates two phosphate groups to glucose to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in the early stage of glycolysis? Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) O Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)6. With the presence of fast-food chains, many people have the opportunity to «have a quick bites while their daily physical activity is decreased. Explain why such a diet leads to obcsity more quickly under hypodynamic conditions. For answer: a) draw the charts of metabolic pathways in adipocytes with their activation leading to increased weight; b) give the origin of substrates, enzymes, ways of using final products; c) draw an appropriate chart and describe the stages of sequential hormonal signal transduction to adipocytes and explain the biological effects of the hormonc.
- 4. Below each item, identify WHAT it is, indicate WHERE in the cell it is used/made (cytoplasm or mitochondria), identify WHICH STEP of cellular it is used/made in, indicate WHY it is used/made in cellular respiration. Then draw an arrow to indicate where electrons are donated from and end up 60₂ 6H₂O ENERGY + WHAT WHERE STEP WHY C6H₁2O6 12 + + I 6C0₂1. Draw and label a diagram that shows the organization of the glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation within the cell.3. Distinguish the correct statements about oxidative phosphorylation. I. 1 poir Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP by transferring phosphate group directly to ADP molecule. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from sunlight. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from glucose. IV. Oxidative phosphorylation is based on electrons moving through ETC and production of a proton-motive force that drives ATP synthase. A. I & II O B. I & II O C. II & IV D. III & IV pc FATD
- 8. Indicate the number of moles each of the molecules below formed from running three moles of glucose through glycolysis and Krebs cycle Moles produced from two moles of glucose running through Glycolysis Moles produced from two moles of glucose being oxidized in the PDC/Krebs Cycle Molecule Produced ATP GTP NADH + H* FADH2 CO2 D Focus United States) W DE DELL F11 F12 F8 F9 F10 F6 FZ (8)3. Which tissues can synthesize glucose through the gluconeogenesis pathway? Explain the reason.7. Explain the differences between Glycogenolysis in muscle and liver.