(a) Interpretation: For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C 6 H 6 NO − , a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on N. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included. Concept introduction: Lewis structure takes into account only the valence electrons. In the Lewis structure, each single line represents a shared pair of electrons, that is, a bonding pair of electrons. Nonbonding electrons are indicated by dots and are usually paired (:) . The number of valence electrons contributed by each atom is the same as the group number. For an anion, each negative charge increases the number of valence electrons by one. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, the charge of an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear while half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.52P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on N. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure takes into account only the valence electrons. In the Lewis structure, each single line represents a shared pair of electrons, that is, a bonding pair of electrons. Nonbonding electrons are indicated by dots and are usually paired (:). The number of valence electrons contributed by each atom is the same as the group number. For an anion, each negative charge increases the number of valence electrons by one. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, the charge of an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear while half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on O. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on C atom that is bonded to three other C atoms. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

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The structure at the right is a skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H,NO¯. The hydrogen atoms are not shown. (a) Draw a complete Lewis structure in which the -1 formal charge is on N. Include all H atoms and C. valence electrons. (b) Do the same for a Lewis structure with the -1 formal charge on O. (c) Do the same for a Lewis structure with the -1 formal charge on the C atom that is bonded to three other C atoms.

(a) Determine the formal charge of oxygen in the following structure. If the atom is formally neutral, indicate a charge of zero. (b) Draw an alternative Lewis (resonance) structure for the compound given in part (a). Show the unshared pairs and nonzero formal charges in your structure. Don't use radicals. Formal charge on O 0

Identify the set of covalent bonds that shows the correct trend of increasing bond polarity. (A) H―F < H―Cl < H―Br < H―I; (B) H―C < H―N < H―O < H―F; (C) H―O < H―S < H―Se < H―Te; (D) H―C < H―Si < H―Ge < H―Sn;

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.52P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on N. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure takes into account only the valence electrons. In the Lewis structure, each single line represents a shared pair of electrons, that is, a bonding pair of electrons. Nonbonding electrons are indicated by dots and are usually paired (:). The number of valence electrons contributed by each atom is the same as the group number. For an anion, each negative charge increases the number of valence electrons by one. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, the charge of an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear while half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on O. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on C atom that is bonded to three other C atoms. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.52P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on N. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure takes into account only the valence electrons. In the Lewis structure, each single line represents a shared pair of electrons, that is, a bonding pair of electrons. Nonbonding electrons are indicated by dots and are usually paired (:). The number of valence electrons contributed by each atom is the same as the group number. For an anion, each negative charge increases the number of valence electrons by one. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, the charge of an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear while half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on O. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on C atom that is bonded to three other C atoms. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.52P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on N. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure takes into account only the valence electrons. In the Lewis structure, each single line represents a shared pair of electrons, that is, a bonding pair of electrons. Nonbonding electrons are indicated by dots and are usually paired (:). The number of valence electrons contributed by each atom is the same as the group number. For an anion, each negative charge increases the number of valence electrons by one. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, the charge of an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear while half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on O. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on C atom that is bonded to three other C atoms. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1.52P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on N. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure takes into account only the valence electrons. In the Lewis structure, each single line represents a shared pair of electrons, that is, a bonding pair of electrons. Nonbonding electrons are indicated by dots and are usually paired (:). The number of valence electrons contributed by each atom is the same as the group number. For an anion, each negative charge increases the number of valence electrons by one. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, the charge of an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear while half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on O. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on C atom that is bonded to three other C atoms. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1.52P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on N. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure takes into account only the valence electrons. In the Lewis structure, each single line represents a shared pair of electrons, that is, a bonding pair of electrons. Nonbonding electrons are indicated by dots and are usually paired (:). The number of valence electrons contributed by each atom is the same as the group number. For an anion, each negative charge increases the number of valence electrons by one. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, the charge of an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear while half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1.52P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on N. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure takes into account only the valence electrons. In the Lewis structure, each single line represents a shared pair of electrons, that is, a bonding pair of electrons. Nonbonding electrons are indicated by dots and are usually paired (:). The number of valence electrons contributed by each atom is the same as the group number. For an anion, each negative charge increases the number of valence electrons by one. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, the charge of an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear while half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on O. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on O. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on C atom that is bonded to three other C atoms. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

For the given skeleton of an anion having the overall formula C6H6NO−, a complete Lewis structure is to be drawn in which -1 formal charge is on C atom that is bonded to three other C atoms. All H atoms and valence electrons are to be included.

Concept introduction:

In the Lewis structure each bond represents a shared pair of electrons and the non-bonding electrons are shown by dots. In a molecule or polyatomic ion, charge to an individual atom is determined by the difference between the atoms group number and the actual valence electrons it possesses. For the atoms involved in covalent bonds, the formal charge is determined by assigning both electrons of a lone pair to the atom on which they appear, and half the electrons are assigned to each atom involved in the bond.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.4P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.5P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.6P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.7P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.8P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that a complete Lewis structure includes all H atoms and valence electrons with -1 formal charge on N.

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