Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321971944
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 93E
Nanotechnology, the field of building ultra-small structures one atom at a time, has progressed in recent years. One potential application of nanotechnology is the construction of artificial cells. The simplest cells would mimic red blood cells, the body’s oxygen transporters. These nanocontainers, constructed of carbon, could be pumped full of oxygen and injected into a person’s bloodstream it me person needed additional oxygen-due to a heart attack perhaps, or for the purpose of space travel-these containers would slowly release oxygen into the blood, allowing tissues that would otherwise die to remain alive. Suppose that the cell-like nanocontainers are cubic and have an edge length of 25 nanometers.
a. What is the volume of one nanocontainer? (Ignore the thickness of the nanocontainer’s wall.)
b. Suppose that each nanocontainer could contain pure oxygen pressurized to a density of 85 g/L. How many grams of oxygen could be contained by each nanocontainor?
c. Normal air contains about 0.28 g of oxygen per minute. An average human inhales about 0.50 L of air per breath and takes about 20 breaths per minute. How many grams of oxygen does a human inhale per hour? (Assume two significant figures.)
d. What is the minimum number of nanocontainers that a person would need in his or her bloodstream to provide ore hour’s worth of oxygen?
e. What is the minimum volume occupied by the number of nanocontainers calculated in part d? Is such a volume feasible, given that total blood volume in an adult is about 5 liters?
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Nanotechnology, the field of building ultrasmall structures one atom at a time, has progressed in recent years. One potential application of nanotechnology is the construction of artificial cells. The simplest cells would probably mimic red blood cells, the body’s oxygen transporters. Nanocontainers, perhaps constructed of carbon, could be pumped full of oxygen and injected into a person’s bloodstream. If the person neededadditional oxygen—due to a heart attack perhaps, or for the purpose of space travel—these containers could slowly release oxygen into the blood, allowing tissues that would otherwise die to remain alive. Suppose that the nanocontainers were cubic and had an edge length of 25 nm.a. What is the volume of one nanocontainer? (Ignore the thickness of the nanocontainer’s wall.)b. Suppose that each nanocontainer could contain pure oxygen pressurized to a density of 85 g/L. How many grams of oxygen could each nanocontainer contain?c. Air typically contains about 0.28 g of…
Chapter 1 Solutions
Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 1 - For Practice 1.1 Is each change physical or...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3MPCh. 1 - Record the temperature on the thermometer shown...Ch. 1 - For Practice 1.5 How many significant figures are...Ch. 1 - Perform the calculations to the correct number of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.7PCh. 1 - Convert 9255 cm3 to gallons.
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9P
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9MPCh. 1 - Backpackers often use canisters of white gas to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10MPCh. 1 - For Practice 1.11
Find the radius (r)of an...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1 - Prob. 1SAQCh. 1 - Q2. This image represent a particulate view of a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 1 - Which property of rubbing alcohol is a chemical...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 1 - Q7. Determine the mass of a 1.75 L sample of a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 1 - Q9. Perform the calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 1 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 1 - 1. Classify each statement as an observation, a...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law...Ch. 1 - A chemist decomposes several samples of carbon...Ch. 1 - 4. When astronomers observe distant galaxies, they...Ch. 1 - 5. Classify each substance as a pure substance or...Ch. 1 - 6. Classify each substance as a pure substance or...Ch. 1 - 7. Complete the table.
Substance Pure or...Ch. 1 - 8. Complete the table.
Substance Pure or...Ch. 1 - 9. Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - 10. Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - 11. Several properties of isopropyl alcohol (also...Ch. 1 - 12. Several properties of ozone (a pollutant in...Ch. 1 - 13. Classify each property as physical or chemical...Ch. 1 - 14. Classify each property as physical or...Ch. 1 - 15. Classify each change as physical or...Ch. 1 - 16. Classify each change as physical or chemical....Ch. 1 - 17. Based on the molecular digram, classify each...Ch. 1 - Based on the molecular diagram, classify each...Ch. 1 - 19. Convert each temperature.
a. 32 °F to °C...Ch. 1 - 20. Convert each temperature.
a. 212 °F to °C...Ch. 1 - 21. The coldest temperature ever measured m the...Ch. 1 - 22. The warmest temperature ever measured in the...Ch. 1 - 23. Use the prefix multipliers to express each...Ch. 1 - 24. Use scientific notation to express each...Ch. 1 - Complete the table: a. 1245kg 1.245106 g 1.245109...Ch. 1 - 26. Express the quantity 254,998 m in each unit....Ch. 1 - 27. How many 1 cm squares would it take to...Ch. 1 - 28. How many 1 cm cubes would it take to construct...Ch. 1 - 29. A new penny has a mass of 2.49 g and a volume...Ch. 1 - 30. A titanium bicycle frame displaces 0.314 L of...Ch. 1 - 31. Glycerol is a syrupy liquid often used in...Ch. 1 - 32. A supposedly gold nugget is tested to...Ch. 1 - 33. Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) has a density of...Ch. 1 - 34. Acetone (nail polish remover) Pies a density...Ch. 1 - 35. Read each measurment to the correct number of...Ch. 1 - Read each measurement to the correct number of...Ch. 1 - 37. For each measurement, underline the zeroes...Ch. 1 - 38. For each measurement underline the zeroes that...Ch. 1 - 39. How many significant figures are in each...Ch. 1 - 40. How many significant figures are in each...Ch. 1 - 41. Which quantities are exact numbers and...Ch. 1 - 42. Indicate the number of significant figures in...Ch. 1 - 43. Round each number to four significant...Ch. 1 - 44. Round each number to three significant...Ch. 1 - 45. Perform each calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - 46. Perform each calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - 47. Perform each calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - Prob. 48ECh. 1 - 49. Perform each calculation to the correct number...Ch. 1 - Prob. 50ECh. 1 - 51. A flask containing 117 mL of a liquid weighs...Ch. 1 - 51. A flask containing 11.7 mL of a liquid weighs...Ch. 1 - 53. Perform each unit conversion.
a. 27.8 L to cm3...Ch. 1 - 54. Perform each unit conversion.
a. 28.9 nm to ?m...Ch. 1 - 55. Perform each unit conversion between the...Ch. 1 - 56. Perform each unit conversion between the...Ch. 1 - 57. A runner wants to run 10.0 km at a pace of 7.5...Ch. 1 - 58. A cyclist rides at an average speed of 24...Ch. 1 -
59. A European automobile has a gas mileage of...Ch. 1 -
60. A gas can holds 5.0 gallons of gasoline....Ch. 1 - 61. A modest-sized house has an area of 195m2....Ch. 1 - 62. A bedroom has a volume of 115 m3. What is its...Ch. 1 - Prob. 63ECh. 1 - Total U.S. farmland occupies 954 million acres....Ch. 1 - Prob. 65ECh. 1 - Prob. 66ECh. 1 - Prob. 67ECh. 1 - Prob. 68ECh. 1 - 69. Classify each property as intensive or...Ch. 1 - 70. At what temperatures are the readings on the...Ch. 1 - 71. Suppose you have designed a new thermometer...Ch. 1 - On a new Jekyll temperature scale water freezes at...Ch. 1 - 73. Do each calculation without using your...Ch. 1 - 74. The value of the euro was recently $l.38 U.S....Ch. 1 - Prob. 75ECh. 1 - 76. The proton has a radius of approximately cm...Ch. 1 - Prob. 77ECh. 1 - Prob. 78ECh. 1 - Prob. 79ECh. 1 - Prob. 80ECh. 1 - Prob. 81ECh. 1 - Prob. 82ECh. 1 - The Toyota Prius, a hybrid electric vehicle, has...Ch. 1 - Prob. 84ECh. 1 - Prob. 85ECh. 1 - Prob. 86ECh. 1 - A length of #8 copper wire (radius = 1.63 mm) has...Ch. 1 - Prob. 88ECh. 1 - Prob. 89ECh. 1 - Prob. 90ECh. 1 - Prob. 91ECh. 1 - Prob. 92ECh. 1 - Nanotechnology, the field of building ultra-small...Ch. 1 - Prob. 94ECh. 1 - A box contains a mixture of small copper spheres...Ch. 1 - Prob. 96ECh. 1 - Prob. 97ECh. 1 - Prob. 98ECh. 1 - A cube has an edge length of 7 cm. If it is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 100ECh. 1 - For each box, examine the blocks attached to the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 102E
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