PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781260110920
Author: Frank
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.5CC
To determine
Determine the quantity of actual reserves and the
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The U.S. money supply (M1) at the beginning of 2015 was $2,683.3 billion broken down as follows: $1,165.7 billion in currency, $3.5 billion in traveler's checks, and
$1,514.1 billion in checking deposits.
Suppose the Fed decided to increase the money supply by decreasing the reserve requirement from 11 percent to 10 percent. Assume all banks were initially
loaned up (had no excess reserves) and the quantity of currency and traveler's checks held outside of banks did not change.
How large a change in the money supply would have resulted from the change in the reserve requirement?
The money supply would change by $ billion. (Round your response to two decimal places and include a minus sign if necessary.)
Currently, the Fed does not have complete control of the money supply because
the Congress and the Treasury can also make changes to the money supply.
government bonds may not be available for purchase when the Fed wants to perform OMO.
the Fed does not know where all the U.S. currency is located.
the amount of money in the real economy depends on the behavior of depositors and bankers.
All of the above are correct.
Suppose again that checkable deposits started off at $400,000 in First Main Street Bank, the required reserve ratio is 15%, and no excess reserves and no cash leakage exist.
You know from the previous step that, due to the sale of securities by the Fed, the money supply in the economy contracted from $400,000 to $392,000. But the contraction of the money supply does not stop with First Main Street Bank. It moves to other banks. The loan repayment that Charles made to First Main Street Bank was written on a check Second Republic Bank issued. Then, when the check cleared, the reserves of Second Republic Bank declined, and Second Republic Bank found itself reserve deficient as well. It applied loan repayments to its reserve deficiency position.
The effect continued with other banks and so on.
The initial removal of funds in the amount of $8,000 will cause the money supply to contract by $______. Therefore, the money supply is $______. (Hint: round the results of your calculations to the…
Chapter 10 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
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- Suppose you found Rs. 2000 that was stored under your grandmother's mattress and you decided to deposit this money in a Bank of India. If the desired reserve ratio were 20 percent and all excess reserves were lent out. a) Calculate the money supply created by this deposition in the economy?b) Following a new deposit of Rs. 2000, what is the reserve requirement of the commercial bank?c) Suppose all the banks in the banking system collectively have Rs.20 million in cash reserves and have a desired reserve ratio of 20 percent, the maximum amount of demand deposits the banking system can support is?arrow_forwardSuppose you examine the central bank’s balance sheet and observe that since the previous day, reserves had risen by $400 million. In addition, on the asset side of the central bank’s balance sheet, securities had risen by $400 million. What activity did the central bank carry out earlier in the day to lead to these changes in the balance sheet? Do you think by carrying out this activity the central bank was aiming to increase, decrease, or maintain the size of the money supply? The central bank conducted an open market (purchase /sale) of $400 million with a commercial bank. This transaction would involve $400 million of securities being ( added to / removed from) the central bank’s balance sheet. There would be (an increase / a fall ) of $400 million in reserves to reflect the related payment ( to / by ) the commercial bank ( from / into) its reserve account. By carrying out this activity, the central bank was aiming to (increase / decrease) maintain the size of the money supply.arrow_forwardA commercial bank named First Lender initially holds the required amount of reserves at the Fed. Imagine that the Fed conducts an open-market operation and buys $30,000 of bonds from First Lender. Assume that the reserve requirement is 25%. What is the maximum possible amount that the national money supply could increase as a result of the open-market operation? $120,000 $240,000 $60,000 $22,500arrow_forward
- You are given the following information: Bank deposits (D) 350 Currency-to-deposits ratio (c) 0.20 Required reserve ratio (rr) 0.15 Solve for the monetary base level (B) in this economy. Solve for the level of bank reserves (R) in this economy. Solve for the money supply level (M) in this economy. Suppose there is a sudden rise in the currency-to-deposits ratio, from the original level of 0.2 to a new level of 0.4. If everything else remains unchanged, find the level of monetary base needed to keep money supply fixed at the level you solved for in part c. Continue to consider c=0.4. Find the level of required reserve ratio needed to keep the monetary base and the money supply fixed at the level you solved or in parts a and c, respectively.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements help to explain why, in the real world, the Fed cannot precisely control the money supply? Check all that apply. The Fed cannot prevent banks from lending out required reserves. The Fed cannot control whether and to what extent banks hold excess reserves. The Fed cannot control the amount of money that households choose to hold as currency.arrow_forwardM1 is the narrowest definition of the money supply. It includes currency in circulation, checking account deposits and travelers checks. The statements refer to factors that can affect the money multiplier. Label each statement as true or false. The total change in the M1 brought about by the money multiplier is affected by the amount of deposits made by households and businesses.Banks must lend out all their excess reserves in order to change the M1 money supply.The Federal Reserve (Fed) has very little effect on the money multiplier.The state of the economy can affect the amount of excess reserves that banks keep on reserve, thereby affecting the impact of the money multiplier.arrow_forward
- Suppose again that checkable deposits started off as $400,000 in First Main Street Bank, the required reserve ratio (r) is 15%, with and there are no excess reserves and no cash leakage. Suppose the Fed buys $8,000 worth of government securities from First Main Street Bank. Complete the following table to reflect the Fed's purchase on the balance sheet for First Main Street Bank. Reserves Loans Assets Liabilities Checkable Deposits $400,000 Does First Main Street Bank have any excess reserves now? No; the bank has zero excess reserves. OYes; the bank has $1,200 in excess reserves. O Yes; the bank has $51,000 in excess reserves. Yes; the bank has $8,000 in excess reserves.arrow_forwardYou just deposited $4,000 in cash into a checking account at the local bank. Assume that banks lend out all excess reserves and there are no leaks in the banking system. That is, all money lent by banks gets deposited in the banking system. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. If the reserve requirement is 20%, how much will your deposit increase the total value of checkable bank deposits? If the reserve requirement is 8%, how much will your deposit increase the total value of checkable deposits? Increasing the reserve requirement decreases the money supply. %24 %24arrow_forwardMoney serves three functions in the economy: medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. Which of the following statements describes how inflation affects the ability of money to serve as a unit of account? Check all that apply. In some countries with hyperinflation, prices are posted in terms of U.S. dollars rather than the local currency, even though the local currency is still used to purchase the good. Inflation erodes money's purchasing power. Inflation causes menu costs.arrow_forward
- Challenge Problem. The chapter mentions that an open market operation by the Fed can increase or decrease the quantity of deposits in banks and therefore the money supply. The change in the money supply from a Fed open market operation is given by the following equation: Change in money supply = Change in reserves x1/ (RR+ ER) where RR = the percentage of deposits that banks are required to keep as reserves ER = the percentage of deposits that banks voluntarily hold as excess reserves 1/ (RR+ ER) = the "money multiplier" Suppose the Fed decides to sell $16 billion in Treasury bonds. Assume that the reserve requirement is 10 percent, banks hold 3 percent in excess reserves, and the public holds no cash. This action by the Fed causes the money supply to by S billion. (Round your response to two decimal places.)arrow_forwardBanks have a reserve ratio of 20%, and households deposit all cash into the banking system. How many dollars should the Fed print in order to increase the money supply by $7,000,000?arrow_forwardThe interest rate on reserves is the interest rate that the Fed pays banks for holding reserves on deposit at the Fed. For many years, open market operations were the Fed’s primary tool for monetary policy. However, since October 2008, it relies more on interest on reserves. A decrease in the interest rate on reserves tends to (decrease or increase) the reserve ratio, (decreases or increases) the money multiplier, and (decrease or increase) the money supply.arrow_forward
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