Chapter 11, Problem 11.73SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: In the decreasing order of octane numbers, the given compounds have to be arranged.

Concept Introduction:

Octane number is the number of octane units present in an organic compound. Octane unit means a carbon chain unit with 8-carbon atoms.

When organic compounds are used as gasoline, the increasing number of octane numbers in the organic compound makes it to burn smoothly without knocking. So the octane number indicates the tendency of “knocking” of the gasoline compounds in the automobile’s engine. The branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons have higher octane numbers than the straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon whereas the aromatic hydrocarbons have the least octane numbers.

“Knocking” is the sharp sound that is caused by the premature combustion of the combustion air-fuel mixture inside the engine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The equation for the conversion from n-heptane to toluene has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Catalytic reforming is a process in which involves aromatization along with the formation of a useful by-product, in the presence of a catalyst.

Aromatization is the process of conversion of a straight-chain hydrocarbon into an aromatic compound.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure of tert-butylmethyl ether has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tert-butylmethyl is the anti-knocking agent.

When organic compounds are used as gasoline, the increasing number of octane numbers in the organic compound makes it to burn smoothly without knocking. So the octane number indicates the tendency of “knocking” of the gasoline compounds in the automobile’s engine.

The anti-knocking agents are those that are capable of preventing the process of knocking by increasing the octane number at high temperature and pressure.

“knocking” is the sharp sound that is caused by the premature combustion of the combustion air-fuel mixture inside the engine.

Determining the structural formula from the given name of the compound:

Step 1: Identify the root word of the compound.

Step 2: Identify the substituents that are substituted to the parent chain of the compound.

Step 3: Name the substituents.

Step 4: Identify the functional group of the compound.

Step 5: Name the functional groups.

Step 6: Bind all the names together according to the well-known IUPAC rules to obtain the actual name of the compound.