Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 11, Problem 11.96PAE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The EPA’s 8−hour ozone standard for communities is 0.075ppm. On a certain day, the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere in Denver was 1.5x10-9 mol/L. Was Denver in compliance with EPA regulations that day.
Concept introduction:
The EPA’s 8−hour ozone standard for communities is 0.075ppm.The concentration of ozone in the atmosphere is 1.5x10-9 mol/L.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Although ozone is an important component of the upper atmosphere, long-term exposure to ozone in the air we breathe can cause inflammation of the lung, impairment of lung defense mechanisms, and irreversible changes in lung structure. The EPA has set an 8 hour limit for ozone of 0.08 ppm as an air quality standard for cities. At the EPA limit, how many ozone molecules are present in 5.0 liters of air at 25 °C and 0.967 atm? (Hint: assume that air is an ideal gas and calculate the total number of molecules there are in 5.0 L. Then use the definition of ppm.)
If the atmospheric burden of CO2 increases by 27.0 Gt (gigatonnes, 1Gt= 1 x 1012kg) over a given period of time, starting now, and the current atmospheric CO2 is 408.3 ppm, what will the concentration of CO2 be (in ppm) after this increase? (Assume a total atmospheric mass of 5.10 x 1021 g and an average molar mass for air of 29.0 g/mol)
411.8 ppm
408.8 ppm
410.6 ppm
417.0 ppm
6.) This reaction occurs at constant temperature and pressure. The container in which this reaction is taking place has a movable wall. This allows the volume to change but keeps the pressure constant. At the beginning, only reactants are present. Then the reaction occurs. Given this, which of the following statements is true? (Circle one.) 2 H2 (g) + 1 CO (g) → 1 CH40 (g) (a) The volume stays the same as the reaction occurs (c) The volume increases as the reaction occurs (b) The volume decreases as the reaction occurs Explain: (d) Cannot be answered with the information given
Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1COCh. 11 - . define the rate of a chemical reaction and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3COCh. 11 - Prob. 4COCh. 11 - . explain the difference between elementary...Ch. 11 - . find the rate law predicted for a particular...Ch. 11 - . use a molecular perspective to explain the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8COCh. 11 - . explain the role of a catalyst in the design of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1PAE
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.2PAECh. 11 - In what region of the atmosphere is ozone...Ch. 11 - What are the steps in the Chapman cycle? Explain...Ch. 11 - What is the net chemical reaction associated with...Ch. 11 - At what points in the Chapman cycle do...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.7PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.8PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.9PAECh. 11 - For each of the following, suggest appropriate...Ch. 11 - For each of the following, suggest an appropriate...Ch. 11 - Rank the following in order of increasing reaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.13PAECh. 11 - Candle wax is a mixture of hydrocarbons. In the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.15PAECh. 11 - The reaction for the Haber process, the industrial...Ch. 11 - 11.17 Ammonia can react with oxygen to produce...Ch. 11 - The following data were obtained in the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.19PAECh. 11 - Experimental data are listed here for the reaction...Ch. 11 - Azomethane, CH3NNCH3, is not a stable compound,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.22PAECh. 11 - A reaction has the experimental rate equation Rate...Ch. 11 - Second-order rate constants used in modeling...Ch. 11 - For each of the rate laws below, what is the order...Ch. 11 - 11.26 The reaction of C(Xg) with NO2(g) is second...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.27PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.28PAECh. 11 - The hypothetical reaction, A + B —*C, has the rate...Ch. 11 - The rate of the decomposition of hydrogen...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.31PAECh. 11 - 11.32 The following experimental data were...Ch. 11 - The following experimental data were obtained for...Ch. 11 - 11.34 Rate data were obtained at 25°C for the...Ch. 11 - 11.35 For the reaction 2 NO(g) + 2 H?(g) — N,(g) +...Ch. 11 - The reaction NO(g) + O,(g) — NO,(g) + 0(g) plays a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.37PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.38PAECh. 11 - The decomposition of N2O5 in solution in carbon...Ch. 11 - In Exercise 11.39, if the initial concentration of...Ch. 11 - 11.41 For a drug to be effective in treating an...Ch. 11 - Amoxicillin is an antibiotic packaged as a powder....Ch. 11 - As with any drug, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)...Ch. 11 - 11.44 A possible reaction for the degradation of...Ch. 11 - The initial concentration of the reactant in a...Ch. 11 - A substance undergoes first-order decomposition....Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.47PAECh. 11 - 11.48 The following data were collected for the...Ch. 11 - The rate of photodecomposition of the herbicide...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.50PAECh. 11 - 11.51 Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) has the chemical...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.52PAECh. 11 - Hydrogen peroxide (H20i) decomposes into water and...Ch. 11 - use the kineticmolecular theory to explain why an...Ch. 11 - The activation energy for the reaction in which...Ch. 11 - The labels on most pharmaceuticals state that the...Ch. 11 - The following rate constants were obtained in an...Ch. 11 - The table below presents measured rate constants...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.59PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.60PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.61PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.62PAECh. 11 - Can a reaction mechanism ever be proven correct?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.64PAECh. 11 - Describe how the Chapman cycle is a reaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.66PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.67PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.68PAECh. 11 - The following mechanism is proposed for a...Ch. 11 - 11.64 HBr is oxidized in the following reaction: 4...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.71PAECh. 11 - If a textbook defined a catalyst as "a substance...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.73PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.74PAECh. 11 - What distinguishes homogeneous and heterogeneous...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.76PAECh. 11 - Based on the kinetic theory of matter, what would...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.78PAECh. 11 - In Chapter 3, we discussed the conversion of...Ch. 11 - The label on a bottle of 3% (by volume) hydrogen...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.81PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.82PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.83PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.84PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.85PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.86PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.87PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.88PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.89PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.90PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.91PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.92PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.93PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.94PAECh. 11 - 11.93 On a particular day, the ozone level in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.96PAECh. 11 - The following is a thought experiment. Imagine...Ch. 11 - The following statements relate to the reaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.99PAECh. 11 - Experiments show that the reaction of nitrogen...Ch. 11 - Substances that poison a catalyst pose a major...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.102PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.103PAECh. 11 - 11.102 Suppose that you are studying a reaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.105PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.106PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.107PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.108PAECh. 11 - 11.1047 Fluorine often reacts explosively. What...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.110PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.111PAECh. 11 - When formic acid is heated, it decomposes to...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 1) Sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2, is a highly reactive gaseous compound. When heated, it decomposes as follows: SO2Cl2(g) ® SO2(g) + Cl2(g). This decomposition is endothermic. A sample of 3.509 grams of SO2Cl2 is placed in an evacuated 1.00 liter bulb and the temperature is raised to 375K. (a) What would be the pressure in atmospheres in the bulb if no dissociation of the SO2Cl2(g) occurred? (b) When the system has come to equilibrium at 375K, the total pressure in the bulb is found to be 1.43 atmospheres. Calculate the partial pressures of SO2, Cl2, and SO2Cl2 at equilibrium at 375K. Note: Please answer both A and Barrow_forward1) Sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2, is a highly reactive gaseous compound. When heated, it decomposes as follows: SO2Cl2(g) ® SO2(g) + Cl2(g). This decomposition is endothermic. A sample of 3.509 grams of SO2Cl2 is placed in an evacuated 1.00 liter bulb and the temperature is raised to 375K. (a) What would be the pressure in atmospheres in the bulb if no dissociation of the SO2Cl2(g) occurred? (b) When the system has come to equilibrium at 375K, the total pressure in the bulb is found to be 1.43 atmospheres. Calculate the partial pressures of SO2, Cl2, and SO2Cl2 at equilibrium at 375K. (c) Give the expression for the equilibrium constant (either Kp or Kc) for the decomposition of SO2Cl2(g) at 375K. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant you have given, and specify its units. (d) If the temperature were raised to 500K, what effect would this have on the equilibrium constant? Explain briefly. Note: Please answer just C and D. Thank you.arrow_forwardThe estimated average concentration of NO2 in air is 0.016 ppm. (a) Calculate the partial pressure of the NO2 in a sample of this air when the atmospheric pressure is 755 torr (99.1 kPa). (b) How many molecules of NO2 are present under these conditions at 20 °C in a room that measures 15 x 14 x 8 ft?arrow_forward
- 6.) This reaction occurs at constant temperature and pressure. The container in which this reaction is taking place has a movable wall. This allows the volume to change but keeps the pressure constant. At the beginning, only reactants are present. Then the reaction occurs. Given this, which of the following statements is true? (Circle one.) 2 H2 (g) + 1 CO (g) 1 CH4O(g) (a) The volume stays the same as the reaction occurs ( (b.)The volume decreases as the reaction occurs c) The volume increases as the reaction occurs (d) Cannot be answered with the information given Explain:arrow_forwardAs of the writing of this text, EPA standards limit atmospheric ozone levels in urban environments to 84 ppb. How many moles of ozone would there be in the air above Los Angeles County (an area about 4000 square miles; consider a height of 100 m above the ground) if ozone was at this concentration?arrow_forward10:07 PM Mon Jul 3 2- 3C₂² 1 I + Complete the balanced chemical reaction for the following weak base with a strong acid. In this case, the reaction. write the resulting acid and base as its own species in NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) → (s) 2 3 Reset 4 Question 5 of 8 5 6 ) (1) DO 7 (g) → 8 9 نے (aq) X 0 19% ( Submitarrow_forward
- When ozone levels in urban area reach unhealthy levels, residents are typically urged to avoid refuelingtheir cars during daylight hours. Explain how this might help to reduce smog formation?arrow_forward5. An inorganic chemist studying the reactions of phosphorus halides mixes 0.1050 mol of PCls with 0.0450 mol of Cl2 and 0.0450 mol of PCl3 in a 0.5000-L flask at 250: PCls(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g); Kc = 4.2. (a) In which direction will the reaction proceed? (b) If [PCls] = 0.2065 M at equilibrium, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the other components?arrow_forwardWhy is ground level ozone most likely to reach its highest concentrations on hot, sunny days during periods of heavy traffic in large cities?arrow_forward
- Air pollution in the Mexico City metropolitan area is among the worst in the world. The concentration of ozone in Mexico City has been measured at 441 ppb (0.441 ppm). Mexico City sits at an altitude of 7400 feet, which means its atmospheric pressure is only 0.67 atm. (a) Calculate the partial pressure of ozone at 441 ppb if the atmospheric pressure is 0.67 atm.arrow_forwardDescribe what changes occur when atmospheric CO2 interactswith the world ocean as illustrated here.arrow_forwardGiven that the concentration of CH4 in the atmosphere is 1.8 ppm, calculate the total mass of this gas that is present in the atmosphere. Note that the total mass of the atmosphere is 5.1 x 1018 kg and that its average molar mass is 29.0 g/mol.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781285199023Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199023
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning