Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12.3, Problem 1RC
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The most negative enthalpy of sodium halide should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Lattice enthalpy:
The enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic compound is formed from its gaseous ions under standard conditions.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 12.1 - (a) Determining an Atom Radius from Lattice...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2RCCh. 12.2 - If an ionic solid has an fcc lattice of anions (X)...Ch. 12.2 - Potassium chloride has the same unit cell as NaCl....Ch. 12.2 - 1. The unit cell of silicon carbide. SiC is...Ch. 12.2 - If one edge of the silicon carbide unit cell is...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1QCh. 12.2 - Describe the unit cell of lithium (see Figure).Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 3Q
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4QCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 2RCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3RCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1QCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2QCh. 12.5 - Prob. 3QCh. 12.5 - 1. Which of the following allotropes of carbon is...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2RCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.6 - Suppose you wanted to cool 100. g of water from 20...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.7 - How many tin atoms are contained in the tetragonal...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 2QCh. 12.7 - Prob. 3QCh. 12.7 - Prob. 4QCh. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3PSCh. 12 - Rutile, TiO2, crystallizes in a structure...Ch. 12 - Cuprite is a semiconductor. Oxide ions are at the...Ch. 12 - The mineral fluorite, which is composed of calcium...Ch. 12 - Calcium metal crystallizes in a face-centered...Ch. 12 - The density of copper metal is 8.95 g/cm3. If the...Ch. 12 - Potassium iodide has a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - A unit cell of cesium chloride is illustrated in...Ch. 12 - Predict the trend in lattice energy, from least...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12PSCh. 12 - To melt an ionic solid, energy must be supplied to...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each of the following pairs...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15PSCh. 12 - Prob. 16PSCh. 12 - Considering only the molecular orbitals formed by...Ch. 12 - Prob. 18PSCh. 12 - Prob. 19PSCh. 12 - Prob. 20PSCh. 12 - Prob. 21PSCh. 12 - Prob. 22PSCh. 12 - Prob. 23PSCh. 12 - Prob. 24PSCh. 12 - A diamond unit cell is shown here. Unit cell of...Ch. 12 - The structure of graphite is given in Figure...Ch. 12 - We have identified six types of solids (metallic,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 28PSCh. 12 - Classify each of the following materials as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30PSCh. 12 - Benzene, C6H6, is an organic liquid that freezes...Ch. 12 - The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.235 J/g ...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33PSCh. 12 - Prob. 34PSCh. 12 - Prob. 35PSCh. 12 - If your air conditioner is more than several years...Ch. 12 - Sketch a phase diagram for O2 from the following...Ch. 12 - Tungsten crystallizes in the unit cell shown here....Ch. 12 - Silver crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - The unit cell shown here is for calcium carbide....Ch. 12 - The very dense metal iridium has a face-centered...Ch. 12 - Vanadium metal has a density of 6.11 g/cm3....Ch. 12 - Prob. 43GQCh. 12 - Prob. 44GQCh. 12 - Prob. 45GQCh. 12 - Consider the three types of cubic units cells. (a)...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon is shown...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon carbide is...Ch. 12 - Spinels are solids with the general formula AB2O4...Ch. 12 - Using the thermochemical data below and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 51GQCh. 12 - Prob. 52GQCh. 12 - Prob. 53GQCh. 12 - Prob. 54GQCh. 12 - Prob. 55GQCh. 12 - Prob. 56GQCh. 12 - Like ZnS, lead(II) sulfide, PbS (commonly called...Ch. 12 - CaTiO3, a perovskite, has the structure below. (a)...Ch. 12 - Potassium bromide has the same lattice structure...Ch. 12 - Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2 using a...Ch. 12 - Why is it not possible for a salt with the formula...Ch. 12 - Prob. 63SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 64SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 65SCQCh. 12 - Phase diagrams for materials that have allotropes...
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- Write chemical equations for each of the following chemical and physical processes: (a) Reaction of ammonia gas with hydrogen chloride gas to produce a solid product (b) Reaction of 1 mole of aluminum with I2(s) to form aluminum iodide (c) Conversion of 1 mole of O2(g) to O3(g) (d) Dissolving K2Cr2O7(s) in water (e)Thermal decomposition of solid sodium azide to produce solid sodium and nitrogen gas (f) Photodissociation of chlorine gas (g) Fusion of icearrow_forwardAmmonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a very soluble salt in water.(a) Draw the Lewis structures of the ammonium and chlorideions. (b) Is there an N—Cl bond in solid ammonium chloride?(c) If you dissolve 14 g of ammonium chloride in 500.0 mLof water, what is the molar concentration of the solution?(d) How many grams of silver nitrate do you need to add tothe solution in part (c) to precipitate all of the chloride as silverchloride?arrow_forwardA solution is formed from dissolving 1 mole of Al(NO3)3 into enough water to have a total volume of 1 liter. The heat of the solution from this dissolution process was found to be 175 kJ/mol. if the lattice energy for the aluminum nitrate is 5960 kJ/mol in the heat of the hydration for the aluminum (III) cation is -4606 kJ/mol What is the heat of hydration for the nitrate ion in kJ/mol?arrow_forward
- (a) The electrostatic force (not energy) of attraction betweentwo oppositely charged objects is given by the equationF = k(Q1Q2>d2) where k = 8.99 x 109 N-m2/C2, Q1 andQ2 are the charges of the two objects in Coulombs, and d isthe distance separating the two objects in meters. What isthe electrostatic force of attraction (in Newtons) between anelectron and a proton that are separated by 1.00 x102 pm?(b) The force of gravity acting between two objects is givenby the equation F = G(m1m2>d2), where G is the gravitationalconstant, G = 6.674 x10-11N-m2/kg2, m1 and m2 arethe masses of the two objects, and d is the distance separatingthem. What is the gravitational force of attraction (inNewtons) between the electron and proton? (c) How manytimes larger is the electrostatic force of attraction?arrow_forward2. What is (A) and (B)?arrow_forwardCalculate the heat of hydration for silver nitrate. ΑΣφ ? AĦħydration k %3Darrow_forward
- 11. Consider the following reaction. CH;CH3 + 02- → CO, + H,0 (a) Calculate the enthalpy of the reaction (use data from your slides) (b) Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic.arrow_forwardIf the ΔHsolution ( KI )= 15 kJ/mol, ΔHhydration (K+) = -335 kJ/mol, and ΔHhydration (I-) = -293 kJ/mol, then calculate the lattice energy for potassium iodide.arrow_forwardIdentify what type of chemical reaction this is: H2(g) + I2(s) ≈ 2Hl(g)arrow_forward
- 11) Adding sodium hydride (NaH) to water produces: (a) H2 and NaOH (b) H3O* and Na (c) H3O and Na* (d) Na20 and H2 (e) No reaction occursarrow_forwardWhich statement about the properties of barium chloric and mercury(II) chloride is correct? (A) BaCl₂ has a higher melting point than HgCl₂. (B) BaCl₂ has a higher solubility in nonpolar solvents than HgCl₂. (C) BaCl₂ has a higher vapor pressure than HgCl₂. (D) Molten BaCl₂ has a lower electrical conductivity than molten HgCl2.arrow_forward(A) CsBr (B) MgCl2arrow_forward
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