PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781260110920
Author: Frank
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 14, Problem 14.5CC
To determine
Estimate the value of changes in real interest rate.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
It is time to take control of the Federal Reserve, which controls the U.S. money supply (M). In this chapter, we are thinking only about the “long run,” so real GDP (Y ) is out of the Fed’s control, as is velocity (v). The Fed’s only goal is to make sure that the price level (P) is equal to 100 each and every year. That is just known as “price stability,” one of the main goals of most governments. Fill in the missing values of M for the table.
Year
M
v
=
P
Y
1
25,000
2
100
500
2
4
100
500
3
4
100
400
4
4
100
200
5
2
100
400
6
1
100
600
Year 2, M =
Year 3, M =
Year 4, M =
Year 5, M =
Year 6, M =
The following graph shows the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) and aggregate demand (AD) curves for a fictional economy that is producing at
point A (grey star symbol), which corresponds to the intersection of the AD₁ and SRAS₁ curves.
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
1
LRAS
----XX
SRAS₂
SRAS₁
AD₂
2
3
4 5 6
QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars)
7
According to the graph, actual output of this economy is
AD₁
8
No Intervention
Intervention
(?)
than potential output, which means that the economy experiences
Along SRAS₁, wages would have been negotiated based on an expected price level of . Since the actual price level at point A is 30, this means
that real wages are
▼ had been negotiated, which will
unemployment.
If the Fed does not intervene, these labor market conditions would cause nominal wages to
Eventually, the economy would reach a new long-run equilibrium.
, shifting the
curve to the
Suppose the Fed doubles the growth rate of the quantity of money in the economy. In the long run, the increase in money growth will change which of the following? Check all that apply.
The quantity of physical capital
The size of the labor force
The level of technological knowledge
The inflation rate
Suppose the economy produces real GDP of $60 billion when unemployment is at its natural rate.
Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the economy's long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve on the graph.
Suppose the government passes a law that significantly increases the minimum wage. The policy will cause the natural rate of unemployment to (Rise/fall), which will:
Not affect the long-run aggregate supply curve
Shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right
Shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the left
In the following table, determine how each event affects the position of the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve.
Direction of LRAS Curve…
Chapter 14 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- An economy's aggregate demand curve (the relationship between short-run equilibrium output and inflation) is described by the equation:Y = 15,000 - 12,000π, where π is the inflation rate. Initially, the inflation rate is 2 percent or π = 0.02. Potential output Yp equals 14,640.Note: Keep as much precision as possible during your calculations. Your final answer for inflation should be accurate to at least two decimal places and output should be accurate to the nearest whole number.a) Find inflation and output in short-run equilibrium. Inflation : 0%Output : $0 b) Find inflation and output in long-run equilibrium. Inflation : 0%Output : $0arrow_forwardIn the following table, determine how each event affects the position of the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve. Direction of LRAS Curve Shift Many workers leave to pursue more lucrative careers in foreign economies. A scientific breakthrough significantly increases food production per acre of farmland. A natural disaster destroys a significant amount of the economy's production facilities.arrow_forwardSuppose Bangladesh Bank (BB) decided to follow the Taylor rule to conduct monetary policy. BB's target interest rate is the lending rate. The economists in BB understands that there will be some time lag for their policy to be effective and therefore they use a forecasted or expected inflation rate (instead of current inflation rate) in their policy rule. BB is equally concerned about output and inflation. According to BB's estimate the equilibrium real lending rate is 5 percent. BB's inflation target is 3 percent and the deviation of actual output from the potential output (as measured by the HP filter) is 1 percent.a. If the expected inflation rate is 6%, then at what target should the lending rate be set according to the Taylor rule?arrow_forward
- As a response to high inflation, in March 2022, the Federal Reserve System (Fed) approved its first interest rate hike since December 2018. However, inflation rate still remained very high and piked in June 2022. The last time inflation ran that high was in the 1980s. To bring down inflation, the Fed implemented more restrictive monetary policy and approved another interest rate hike of 0.75 percent in November 2022. The Fed decided to maintain the federal funds rate at a target level of 4%. What the Fed need do to achieve a higher target federal funds rate (how to implement monetary policy)? If CPI increased from 287.7 in the 2nd quarter (Q2) 2022 to 298.1 in the 3rd (Q3) 2022. Using CPI-based inflation rate, how much is real interest rate if the Fed sets nominal interest rate at 4%. Note: we assume velocity of money supply is constant.arrow_forwardSuppose the economy begins at full employment. Label this starting point as point "1." Then, suppose that the minimum wage increases to $15 in the United States, which affects the entire labor market and increases the cost of production. Show the effects on your graph and label the new equilibrium point "2." Lastly, suppose the Federal Reserve wants to keep prices in the economy as low as possible. Should the Fed intervene? If so, show the impact of successful monetary policy on your graph. Label this new equilibrium point "3."arrow_forwardNow, suppose the economy is back in long-run equilibrium, and then the price of imported oil rises. 1. On the following graph, shift a curve or adjust the point to reflect the short-run effect of the increase in the price of oil. (Please use the image attached) 2. True or False: If the Fed undertakes expansionary monetary policy, it can return the economy to its original inflation rate but the unemployment rate will be higher.arrow_forward
- The Federal Reserve uses an inflation target of 2-3%; most economists agree that the US natural rate of unemployment is around 4.5%. Imagine that you are a policy analyst observing the government and the Federal Reserve. You determine that inflation is 1% (very low) and unemployment is hovering around 6.5% (quite high.) The Federal Reserve responds by cutting interest rates and beginning to buy government bonds in open-market operations. The government takes the position that the only way out of a recession is to decrease government spending and passes a budget with very little spending (this is called "taking austerity measures"). What effects would the Fed's actions have, if taken alone? What effects would the government's actions have, if taken alone? What do you predict will occur when both actions are taken? Who do you think is making the right suggestion?arrow_forwardHello, I need help with a macroeconomics question. Thank you in advance! The answers are based on a short exerpt from the Federal Reserves press release from Feb 1, 2023 (attatchde below). 7. What do you expect to happen to the money supply? 8. What do you expect to happen to the inflation rate? 9. How would you expect all these decisions to affect employment in the economy? 10. How do the effects you found on 8 and 9 align with what the Fed was hoping to attain?arrow_forwardTime remaining: 00 :09 :06 Economics If there is an inflationary gap, what should the Fed do? Explain, provide name, and show in i-M space. Consider the following macroeconomy, with fixed prices (all amounts are in millions of $): YFE = 7000 C = 40 + 0.9 YD I = 500 G = 250 T = 40 a. Calculate eqm Y in this model and then graph it in the Keynesian-cross diagram. Indicate and provide the name and size of the gap, if any. b. Prove that the appropriate relationship between I and various types of Savings holds at eqm. c. What two different policies could Congress enact? You must calculate the exact changes in the appropriate variables and provide the appropriate name(s) for the(se) policies. Graph each of these policies in the Keynesian-cross diagram. Show what your policies would do, if anything, in the money-market diagram, (in i- M space) cet. par. Indicate the initial disequilibrium and explain what will happen and why. d. Go back to the original eqm in part a. Now…arrow_forward
- According to Friedman, in which of the following situations is the economy in long-run equilibrium? a. The expected economic growth rate is 3 percent and the actual inflation rate is 3 percent. b. The average inflation rate over the past five years is 2 percent and the expected inflation rate is 2 percent. c. The expected inflation rate is 3 percent and the actual inflation rate is 3 percent. d. The expected economic growth rate is 2 percent and the expected inflation rate is 2 percent.arrow_forwardSuppose the Fed doubles the growth rate of the quantity of money in the economy. In the long run, the increase in money growth will change which of the following? Check all that apply. The inflation rate C The price level C The level of technological knowledge The size of the labor force Suppose the economy produces real GDP of $70 billion when unemployment is at its natural rate. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the economy's long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve on the graph. 132 128 LRAS 124 120 116 112 108 104 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) Suppose the government passes a law that significantly increases the minimum wage. The policy will cause the natural rate of unemployment to which will: O Shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right O Shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the left O Not affect the long-run aggregate supply curve PRICE LEVELarrow_forwardEconomics Assess the following event on the assumption that policymakers are using the Taylor rule as a basis for policy changes, as specified in equation: r = 2 + 0.5(π – π^T) + 0.5(Y-Y^P). In 1973, the United States experienced an unexpected slowdown in productivity, which reduced potential output. Show how the real interest rate (r), output (Y), and inflation behave in the short-run and long-run. Explain and graph using MP, IS, and AD-AS graph to demonstrate. do not provide hand written solutionarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337617383Author:Roger A. ArnoldPublisher:Cengage Learning
Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:9781337617383
Author:Roger A. Arnold
Publisher:Cengage Learning