Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 2CT
A physician sees a patient whose symptoms include sluggishness, depression, and intolerance to cold. After eliminating other possible causes, the doctor diagnoses a hormone problem. What disorder fits the symptoms? Why does the doctor suspect that the underlying cause is a malfunction of the anterior pituitary gland?
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Consider the communication between the hypothalamus, pituitary and various target organs when answering this question. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for each hormone/compound addressed - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET:
A patient suffering from untreated Graves disease:
A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH
A patient suffering from untreated goiter:
A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH
A patient suffering from pituitary tumor secreting ACTH:
A) CRH B) ACTH C) Cortisol D) Plasma potassium level
Now, let's consider calcium metabolism and balance. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for hormone/calcium levels - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET:
A patient with…
a) How does the body's hormonal response to short-term stress differ from the
body's hormonal response to long-term stress? In your answer, provide the names of
the hormones released, the glands from which they are released, and the effects on
the body.
b) Provide 2 reasons (as discussed in class) why long-term stress is harmful to our
physical health.
A) It is often said that growth hormone (GH) has both direct and indirect effects. Describe carefully what is meant by this. b) Also give examples of how a disorder in the system in which GH is involved can cause symptoms. Explain the mechanism behind.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15 - Distinguish among hormones, neurotransmitters,...Ch. 15 - A hormone molecule binds to a receptor on a cell...Ch. 15 - Which hormones produced in the posterior and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Give two examples of feedback control of hormone...Ch. 15 - __________ are molecules released from a signaling...Ch. 15 - Hormones are produced by ______________. a....Ch. 15 - ADH and oxytocin are hypothalamic hormones...Ch. 15 - _______ has effects on body tissues in general. a....Ch. 15 - Which of the following stimulate the secretion of...
Ch. 15 - _________lowers blood sugar levels; ____________...Ch. 15 - The pituitary detects a rising hormone...Ch. 15 - Second messengers assist _________. a. steroid...Ch. 15 - Match the hormone source with the closest...Ch. 15 - Match the endocrine control concepts.Ch. 15 - Addisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex...Ch. 15 - A physician sees a patient whose symptoms include...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3CTCh. 15 - Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop...
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- Which hormones produced in the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland have the targets indicated? Below, fill in the blanks using the abbreviations noted in Section 15.3.arrow_forwardEach steroidogenic organ has all the enzymes necessary to produce any steroid hormone. (True or false?)arrow_forwardThe endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones that regulate the activity of different body cells. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls the activities of other glands. Discuss a disorder associated with either hypo or hypersecretion of a specific hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. Include in your discussion the answer to the following: What effect will an increase or decrease in production have on the target organs?What signs and symptoms are associated with this condition and how is it treated?arrow_forward
- State what the different parts of the pituitary gland are called and how they differ. b) Explain the physiological significance of the portal system of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland c) What hormones are produced by different parts of the pituitary gland? Enter in the image below. What effects do these hormones have on the body? Give at least one example of a function for each hormone.arrow_forwardIn the 1950s, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., and his colleagues carried out pioneering experiments to elucidate the mechanism of action ofepinephrine and glucagon. Given what you have learned in this chapter about hormone action, interpret each of the experiments described below. Identify substance X and indicate the significance of the results.(a) Addition of epinephrine to a homogenate of normal liver resulted in an increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase. However, when the homogenate was first centrifuged at a high speed and epinephrine or glucagon was added to the clear supernatant fraction that contains phosphorylase, no increase in the phosphorylase activity occurred.(b) When the particulate fraction from the centrifugation in (a) was treated with epinephrine, substance X was produced. The substance was isolated and purified. Unlike epinephrine, substance X activated glycogen phosphorylase when added to the clear supernatant fraction of the centrifuged homogenate.(c)…arrow_forwardWhich chemical class of hormones usually binds to receptors inside target cells? What cellular events usually follow?arrow_forward
- 1) Hormone pathologies often manifest with elevated or lower hormones. The underlying cause may differ. What symptoms would be associated with hyperthyroidism? 2) Autoimmune disease in which auto-antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor (TSHR) on the thyroid gland. How would this affect levels of TRH, TSH, and TH? Draw out the H-P-T axis to illustrate changes in each hormone. 3) What symptoms would be associated with hypothyroidism? 4) How could this disease be treated? When the thyroid cells are destroyed, they cannot make hormones anymore and TH replacement needs to be given.arrow_forwardIn Graves' disease, the body attacks the thyroid gland tissue and causes it to overproduce thyroid hormones, resulting in elevated blood levels of T3 and T4. Which of the following statements would be TRUE? Since blood levels of thyroid hormones are elevated, the hypothalamus would not release TRH and the Anterior Pituitary Gland would release more TSH. Since blood levels of thyroid hormones are elevated, the hypothalamus would release more TRH and the Anterior Pituitary Gland would then stop releasing TSH. Since blood levels of thyroid hormones are elevated, the hypothalamus would not release TRH and the Anterior Pituitary Gland would not release TSH. Since blood levels of thyroid hormones are elevated, the hypothalamus would not release TSH and the Anterior Pituitary Gland would not release TRH.arrow_forwardFor each hormone pair below, explain how the two hormones are related. If they are antagonistic, explain the specific opposing functions. A) Calcitonin and Parathyroid hormone B) Oxytocin and Prolactin C) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Thyroxine (T4)arrow_forward
- Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones: (a) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (b) Thyroid hormones (c) Thymosinsarrow_forwardFrom the list of hormones associated with certain pants of the endocrine system explain how the hormone of choice affects body functions. Hormone Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15arrow_forwardWhich of the statements is/are incorrect for hormones? 1) Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals serving as intercellular messengers. 2) Hormones are molecules of low molecular weight and are produced in traces. 3) Hormones give energy and also effect metabolism and growth activities of target cells. 4) Many hormones are produced in inactive form.arrow_forward
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