Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 17BS
The size of the human brain has not changed in the last 100,000 years, but human culture has changed a great deal. As a result of our culture, we change the environment at a rate far greater than the rate at which many species, including our own, can evolve. What evidence of rapid environmental change do you see around you? What aspects of human culture are responsible for these changes? Do you see any evidence of a decrease in the rate of human-caused environmental changes?
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Table 1: Bear Adaptations and their Benefits
1. Fill out the chart with the bears' 6 adaptations that it has acquired after 10,000 years of evolution while
living on the new land.
Adaptations for the Land Area called
Adaptation
Derived From (what
Type: Structural,
Survival Benefit
(new/evolved feature) was it like before)
Physiological, or
Behavioral
2. Why does it take a long time for the bear to evolve to have the new traits?
3. What would happen if there was not a lot of variety in the bears when they first reached the island?
4. Using the 6 main points of Darwin's Theory of Evolution, describe how and why bears evolved
in their new environment. (Include the words: overproduction, natural selection, competition,
variation, adaptation, & speciation).
As a graduate student, you have been studying the genetics of heat tolerance in a population of field mice at an apple orchard in southern Minnesota. You are interested in a specific gene associated with a heat stress protein, promoting heat tolerance in the mice. During your second summer field season, you have found that this gene has increased in frequency in the mice population, as compared the previous summer season.
Has evolution occurred in this population of field mice? Why or why not?
What might explain this change in gene frequency? Make a list. Think of all the possible explanations, especially ones other than natural selection.
What additional data would help you determine which of your explanations (hypotheses) above apply to this population of mice?
It has taken millions of years for the ancestors of whales to change into what we know today, as indicated in the diagram below.
Based on your knowledge of evolution, which of the following is a reasonable explanation of why the organisms in the diagram changed over 25 million years?
Question options:
As the environment changed the food sources became more difficult to obtain so characteristics that allowed the organisms to hunt in an aquatic environment became more advantageous.
As the environment changed the temperature became too hot and the organisms began to move to a more aquatic environment to keep cool.
As the environment changed the food sources became more difficult to obtain so the organisms decided to change their characteristics to ones that would be beneficial when hunting in an aquatic environment.
As the environment changed the predators on land became better adapted to hunting the whales ancestors forcing them to live in more aquatic…
Chapter 17 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 17 - Bilateral symmetry in the animal kingdom is best...Ch. 17 - Identify which of the following categories...Ch. 17 - The oldest group of tetrapods is the _____.Ch. 17 - Reptiles are much more extensively adapted to life...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5SQCh. 17 - Prob. 6SQCh. 17 - Prob. 7SQCh. 17 - Prob. 8SQCh. 17 - Prob. 9IMTCh. 17 - Prob. 10IMT
Ch. 17 - Prob. 11IMTCh. 17 - Prob. 12PSCh. 17 - Vegan and vegetarian diets are increasingly...Ch. 17 - What adaptations inherited from our primate...Ch. 17 - Interpreting Data Average brain size, relative to...Ch. 17 - Coral reefs harbor a greater diversity of animals...Ch. 17 - The size of the human brain has not changed in the...
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- Once there was a highly intelligent turkey that had nothing to do but reflect on the world's regularities. Morning always started out with the sky turning light, followed by the master's footsteps, which were always followed by the appearance of food. Other things varied, but food always followed footsteps. The sequence of events was so predictable that it eventually became the basis of turkey's theory that footsteps bring food. One morning, after more than 100 confirmations of this theory, the turkey listened for the master's footsteps, heard them, and had its head chopped off. Scientific theories can be revised upon the discovery of inconsistent evidence. Suggest how the turkey's theory might be modified so the remaining members of the flock would find it more useful for making predictions.arrow_forwardBergman's and Allen's rules apply to many animals, not just humans. Look at the following images of two different hare species. Based on what you can see in the images and using only Bergmann's Rule and Allen's Rule, which of these hares is adapted for a cold climate and which is adapted for a hot climate? What adaptations do they have to suit their environments? Do humans living in similar environments share the same adaptations? Remember, you must use Bergman's and Allen's rules in your analysis, so be sure you know these rules and refer to them.arrow_forwardYour friend remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; as a result, its offspring inherited longer necks” Which statement is the best response to correct your friend’s misconception? Group of answer choices Overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival. Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance. Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes to its offspring. Only favorable adaptations have survival value.arrow_forward
- . The images below show two separate theories of how organisms evolve. Which question below directly corresponds to whether Lamarck or Darwin are correct about their theories of the mechanisms of evolution? Why don’t the shorter neck giraffes feed on grasses and lower vegetation? How would the shorter necked giraffes in Lamarck’s theory survive to reproduce and pass on the “need” for longer necks if they were unable to reach food? Why won’t the taller necked giraffes in Darwin’s theory provide assistance to the shorter giraffes since they are the same species? Will the smaller giraffes be more adapted to hide from predators since they wouldn’t be visible from greater distances?arrow_forwardIn many ways, modern human lifestyles are at odds with our bipedal locomotion. At no point in history have humans been as inactive as today (especially in developing nations), which has led to a number of physical ailments, such as obesity, loss of mobility, and low back pain. What are some other impacts of evolution on our species? What are some ways we can alleviate these problems? You should include any recommended study tips, review videos, or other materials.arrow_forwardIn a courtroom in 2005, biologist Ken Miller criticized the claims of intelligent design. After noting that 99.9% of the organisms that have ever lived on earth are now extinct, he said that “an intelligent designer who designed things, 99.9% of which didn’t last, certainly wouldn’t be very intelligent.” Evaluate Miller’s criticism.arrow_forward
- Researchers are very interested in studying identical twins separated at birth and raised apart. So far, data suggests that such twins are more alike than researchers predicted; they frequently have similar personalities, mannerisms, habits, and interests. What general questions do you think researchers hope to answer by studying such twins? Why do identical twins make good subjects for this research? What abuses might occur if the studies are not evaluated critically and if the results are carelessly cited to support a social agenda?arrow_forwardSome scientists say that modern medicine and better sanitation are slowing down or altering the course of human evolution in highly developed countries today. As a result, evolution in humans today has gone from survival of the fittest to survival of almost everyone. Do you think that this idea is valid? Why or why not?arrow_forwardPesticides can be used to control a variety of pests, such as insects, weeds, rodents, bacteria, fungi, etc. Over time many pesticides have gradually lost their effectiveness because pests have developed resistance – a significant decrease in sensitivity to a pesticide, which reduces the field performance of these pesticides. 1. Why do pesticides lose their effectiveness over time? Use the theory of natural selection and evolution to explain.arrow_forward
- The broad thin ears of this African elephant help dissipate heat during hot days of its habitat - a trait that makes the survival of the organism possible in that habitat. This is an example of response to stimulus growth and development hierarchial order of organism evolutionary adaptation inter-species interactionarrow_forwardAs you can see, there is a big difference between the biological and social cultural features between that Iceman and you. Why do you think changes happened in all aspects of your life from time to time?arrow_forwardWhat is one way you can use the theory of evolution to understand things in everyday life ? This can be anything from a better understanding of a disease to a deeper appreciation for art or philosophy.arrow_forward
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