Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259660269
Author: Sylvia S. Mader, Dr., Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill
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Chapter 19, Problem S14.2BYB
Section 14.2 What is the difference between a homologous and an analogous structure?
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 19.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 19.1 - Prob. 1ACh. 19.1 - Prob. 2ACh. 19.1 - Prob. 3ACh. 19.2 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 19.2 - Distinguish between a parazoan and a eumetazoan,...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 19.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 19.2 - Prob. 4ACh. 19.2 - Prob. 5ACh. 19.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 19.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 19.3 - Prob. 6ACh. 19.3 - Prob. 7ACh. 19.3 - Prob. 8ACh. 19.4 - List the characteristics that classify an animal...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 19.4 - Prob. 9ACh. 19.4 - Prob. 10ACh. 19.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 4LOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 19.5 - Summarize the innovations of each class of...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 19.5 - Prob. 5CYPCh. 19.5 - Prob. 11ACh. 19.5 - Prob. 12ACh. 19.5 - Prob. 13ACh. 19.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 3LOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 19.6 - Explain the importance of bipedalism and brain...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 19.6 - Prob. 14ACh. 19.6 - Prob. 15ACh. 19.6 - Prob. 16ACh. 19 - Prob. 1BYBCh. 19 - 2. What is the major difference between a...Ch. 19 - Section 14.2 What is the difference between a...Ch. 19 - Prob. S16.3BYBCh. 19 - Prob. T16.1BYBCh. 19 - Prob. 1TCCh. 19 - Prob. 2TCCh. 19 - Prob. 3TC
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- What is "homology"? What is BLAST and how is it used? What’s a major assumption when drawing evolutionary relationships between organisms based onDNA sequences?arrow_forwarda) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What is a branch point? c) What are sister taxa? d) What is a ‘rooted’ phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardWhy we need family and class in taxonomic categories?arrow_forward
- Based on their anatomical and behavioral differences, biologists previously placed humans and chimpanzees in different families, but now DNA sequence data suggest that they are closely related and should be placed in the same family. What are some advantages of using DNA sequences to decide how to classify organisms? What might be some disadvantages?arrow_forwardHow do molecular biology explain the evolution of life?arrow_forwardwhat are the differences between homologous & analogousarrow_forward
- The number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe. A) True B) False C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used. D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.arrow_forwardWhy is molecular data for phylogenetic inference best analyzed with use of an explicit model of molecular evolution? A) This is true of morphological data, not molecular data, it is impossible to model changes in molecular sequence data because it is constantly evolving. B) Because molecular data is known to only experience random changes and is constantly evolving, a chaotic model of evolution can universally be applied to molecular sequence data for phylogenetic analysis. C) Because molecular data is known to experience non-random changes in terms of the likelihood of different types of mutations -- transitions vs. transversions, at different codon positions, which can be used to infer sequence evolution and relationship. D) None of the above.arrow_forwarda researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons from the same gene, gene a, in each and compares them. species 1 and species 2 had a most recent common ancestor 50 million years ago. eight codons of nucleotide sequences are compared between species 1 and species 2. overall, there are six nucleotides that are different between the two species sequences. of these nucleotide differences, one is in the first position of a codon, three are in the second position of a codon, and two are in the third position of a codon. species 1 sequence is a t c, g g g, c g g, g a c, t t a, t t a, t a t, g c c. species 2 sequence is a a c, g g g, c g a, g a c, t a a, c t a, t a t, g g a. given the differences between the sequences of the two species' genes shown here, what evolutionary force can you predict is in operation on gene a? negative selection stabilizing selection balancing selection directional selection positive selection disruptive…arrow_forward
- 8) Each of the observations provides evidence that supports the idea of common ancestry and evolution. Which one is from the field of molecular biology? A) Mammals have two openings in the skull behind each eye socket, whereas reptiles and bird only have one opening. B) DNA analysis shows that the DNA of Neanderthals is more similar to the DNA of non‑African humans than that of Africans. C) Two closely related but distinct species of squirrels inhabit the north and south rims of the Grand Canyon. D) The embryos of both birds and mammals divide in a radial cleavage pattern instead of a spiral cleavage pattern present in insects.arrow_forwardHomology can be defined as the presence of common structures because of shared ancestry. Homology can involve genes, proteins, or anatomical structures. As a result of “descent with modification,” many homologous structures have adapted different purposes. (a) List three anatomical structures in vertebrates that are homologous but have different functions. (b) Is it likely that homologous proteins from different species have the same or similar functions? Explain. (c) Under what circumstances might one expect proteins of similar function to not share homology? Would you expect such proteins to be homologous at the level of DNA sequences?arrow_forwardBecause all known living organisms share a common system for storing and utilizing genetic information, it would suggest: that all life forms on Earth share a common ancestor that the study of one organism’s genes may reveal principles that apply to other organisms thatgenesfromoneorganismcouldpossiblyfunctioninanotherorganism that all of the above ideas (1-4) are likelyarrow_forward
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