Organic Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305080485
Author: John E. McMurry
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1.SE, Problem 37AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The shape of benzene and the hybridization expected for each carbon in it is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Carbon uses hybridized orbitals for forming bonds with other atoms. A carbon in sp3 hybridized state can form four single bonds. A carbon in sp2 hybridized state can form a double bond and two single bonds. A carbon in sp hybridized state can form a triple bond and a single bond or two double bonds with its neighboring atoms.
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Aphids secrete an alarm pheromone having the structure shown. What is its molecular formula? Classify each carbon according to its hybridization state.
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4. Octatetraene, C8H10, is an 8-membered linear carbon chain with alternating single and double bonds. As a result, each carbon is left with an unhybridized p-orbital containing one electron. This problem will take you through steps to construct and fill the molecular orbital diagram for octatetraene based on the way these different p-orbitals can come together. a) The various molecular orbitals formed from octatetraene’s 8 unhybridized p-orbitals are shown on the next page. Draw the nodal planes for each molecular orbital. Hint: A nodal plane is a line through the molecule that denotes the sites of destructive interference. An example is shown below with ethylene. b) Based on the nodal planes, arrange the energy levels corresponding to the 8 molecular orbitals on the energy level diagram (label them using the numbering provided on the left side of the molecular orbitals) on the next page, in order of lowest to highest energy. c) Populate your molecular…
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 1.3 - Give the ground-state electron configuration for...Ch. 1.3 - How many electrons does each of the following...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 3PCh. 1.4 - Convert the following representation of ethane,...Ch. 1.4 - What are likely formulas for the following...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 6PCh. 1.4 - Prob. 7PCh. 1.7 - Draw a line-bond structure for propane, CH3CH2CH3....Ch. 1.7 - Convert the following molecular model of hexane, a...Ch. 1.8 - Draw a line-bond structure for propene, CH3CH=CH2....
Ch. 1.8 - Draw a line-bond structure for 1, 3-butadiene,...Ch. 1.8 - Following is a molecular model of aspirin...Ch. 1.9 - Draw a line-bond structure for propyne, CH3C≡CH....Ch. 1.10 - Prob. 14PCh. 1.12 - Prob. 15PCh. 1.12 - Prob. 16PCh. 1.12 - The following molecular model is a representation...Ch. 1.SE - Convert each of the following molecular models...Ch. 1.SE - The following model is a representation of citric...Ch. 1.SE - The following model is a representation of...Ch. 1.SE - The following model is a representation of...Ch. 1.SE - How many valence electrons does each of the...Ch. 1.SE - Give the ground-state electron configuration for...Ch. 1.SE - Prob. 24APCh. 1.SE - Prob. 25APCh. 1.SE - Draw an electron-dot structure for acetonitrile,...Ch. 1.SE - Draw a line-bond structure for vinyl chloride,...Ch. 1.SE - Fill in any nonbonding valence electrons that are...Ch. 1.SE - Convert the following line-bond structures into...Ch. 1.SE - Convert the following molecular formulas into...Ch. 1.SE - Prob. 31APCh. 1.SE - Oxaloacetic acid, an important intermediate in...Ch. 1.SE - Prob. 33APCh. 1.SE - Potassium methoxide, KOCH3, contains both covalent...Ch. 1.SE - What is the hybridization of each carbon atom in...Ch. 1.SE - Prob. 36APCh. 1.SE - Prob. 37APCh. 1.SE - What bond angles do you expect for each of the...Ch. 1.SE - Propose structures for molecules that meet the...Ch. 1.SE - What kind of hybridization do you expect for each...Ch. 1.SE - Pyridoxal phosphate, a close relative of vitamin...Ch. 1.SE - Prob. 42APCh. 1.SE - Prob. 43APCh. 1.SE - Quetiapine, marketed as Seroquel, is a heavily...Ch. 1.SE - Tell the number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon...Ch. 1.SE - Why do you suppose no one has ever been able to...Ch. 1.SE - Allene, H2C=C=CH2, is somewhat unusual in that it...Ch. 1.SE - Allene (see Problem 1-47) is structurally related...Ch. 1.SE - Complete the electron-dot structure of caffeine,...Ch. 1.SE - Most stable organic species have tetravalent...Ch. 1.SE - A carbanion is a species that contains a...Ch. 1.SE - Divalent carbon species called carbenes are...Ch. 1.SE - There are two different substances with the...Ch. 1.SE - There are two different substances with the...Ch. 1.SE - There are two different substances with the...Ch. 1.SE - Prob. 56APCh. 1.SE - Among the most common over-the-counter drugs you...
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Similar questions
- The structure of 1,2-propadiene (allene) is shown to the right. (a) Predict all approximate bond angles in this molecule. (b) State the orbital hybridization of each carbon. (c) Explain the three-dimensional geometry of allene in terms of the orbitals used.arrow_forwardCompare the bonding in formic acid (HCOOH) with that in its conjugate base formate ion (HCOO). Each molecule has a central carbon atom bonded to the two oxygen atoms and to a hydrogen atom. Draw Lewis diagrams, determine the steric numbers and hybridization of the central carbon atom, and give the molecular geometries. How do the orbitals differ in formic acid and the formate molecular ion? The bond lengths of the CO bonds in HCOOH are 1.23 (for the bond to the lone oxygen) and 1.36 (for the bond to the oxygen with a hydrogen atom attached). In what range of lengths do you predict the CO bond length in the formate ion to lie?arrow_forwardAphids secrete an alarm pheromone having the structure shown. What is its molecular formula? Classify each carbon according to its hybridization state.arrow_forward
- what is the molecular geometry of cyclopropane and the hybridization ?arrow_forwardProvide the line structure of a molecule containing 6 carbon atoms and an ether functional group. All carbon atoms must be sp3 hybridized.arrow_forwardExplain using valence bond theory, molecular orbital theory and/or aromaticity.arrow_forward
- Levomenol, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol, has a sweet-smelling aroma and has been used as a component in fragrances. It also is known to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Determine the electron geometry, hybridization, and molecular geometry for each nonhydrogen atom in levomenol.arrow_forwardHybridation Write the hybridation of each carbon in the molecule.arrow_forward1. Which of the bonds would have the highest bond dissociation energy? Why 2. How many sigma and pi bonds are present? 3. Identify the hybridization of all carbons in the compound.arrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis Structures for the following molecules and give the hybridization for each carbon atom. a) 2-methyl-1-butanol, CH3CH2CH2(CH3)CH2OH b) Ethyl propanoate, CH3CH2CO2CH2CH3 c) Methyl cyanide (aka acetonitrile), CH3CN d) Isopropyl phenyl ether, (CH3)2CHOC6H5 e) N,N-dimethylpentamide, CH3CH2CH2CH2CON(CH3)2arrow_forwardWhat is the hybridization of each carbon atom in the following structure.arrow_forwardWhat is the molecular formula?For each heteroatom (not C or H), indicate the hybridization. Also note whether each lone pair is localized (on the atom) or delocalized (through resonance).arrow_forward
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