Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Course List)
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781305506756
Author: James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 18CQ
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When a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good, it means that it can produce this good at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partner. Then the country will specialize in the production of this good and trade it for other goods.
The following graphs show the production possibilities frontiers (PPFs) for Candonia and Sylvania. Both countries
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produce lemons and coffee, each initially (i.e., before specialization and trade) producing 18 million pounds of lemons and 9 million pounds of coffee, as indicated by the grey stars marked with the letter A.
Candonia has a comparative advantage in the production of lemons, while Sylvania has a comparative advantage in the production of coffee. Suppose that Candonia and Sylvania specialize in the production of the goods in which each has a comparative…
The Scenario :
Suppose that the market for good X is small in Malaysia and in Thailand , relative to the world market for good X . Both these markets are currently open to free trade . Suppose also that , relative to the rest of the world , Malaysia has a comparative advantage in producing good X whilst Thailand has a comparative disadvantage in producing good X. Malaysian consider good X a normal good , whereas Thais consider good X an inferior good .
The Question :
Using a set of appropriate diagrams ( with demand and supply curves ), show the comparison between the Malaysian and Thai markets for good X (side by side) - when an economic recession hits both Malaysia and Thailand simultaneously. Explain what happens to the price of good X in each country, as well as the quantity demanded, quantity supplied, and the quantity imported/exported. make sure that you include welfare tables and briefly explain the welfare effects on consumers, producers, and society as a whole - for each…
Ghana imports and exports food from and to neighbouring Côte d'Ivoire. The latter nation is very similar to Ghana in most ways. It has a similar environment, a similar level of education, and similar institutional background. Would you argue that trade between the two countries can be explained by comparative advantage? Why or why not?
Ghana also exports food to Switzerland. The latter nation is very different to Ghana in most ways. Would you argue that trade between the two countries can be explained by comparative advantage? Why or why not?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Course List)
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- The model (graph) below represents a small country trade of good X after the government decided to impose tariffs on import. Consider the case of trade after tariffs. Please answer the following questions: What area(s) represent the gain of surplus to producers? What area(s) represent government revenue? What area(s) represent the loss of surplus to consumers? What area(s) represent consumers surplus? What's the quantity imported? Describe the impact of a tariff on social welfare. Refer to the graph to support your answer. A Qs Qs,t QD₂t Q₂ Quantity Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Price Pw+t Pw G Carrow_forwardGhana imports and exports food from and to neighbouring Côte d'Ivoire. The latter nation is very similar to Ghana in most ways. It has a similar environment, a similar level of education, and similar institutional background. Would you argue that trade between the two countries can be explained by comparative advantage? Why or why not? Ghana also exports food to Switzerland. The latter nation is very different to Ghana in most ways. Would you argue that trade between the two countries can be explained by comparative advantage? Why or why not? Explain import substitution industrialisation and how it can affect Ghana. What role does learning by doing play and when does it make sense for the government to interfere? Ghana’s president’s ISI strategy is to ask Switzerland to adopt a voluntary export restraint (VER). He believes that this is likely to increase Ghanaian welfare. Using two diagrams (one for each country) explain the Ghanaian welfare consequences of this policy.arrow_forwardDuring the last 20 to 30 years, there have been a number of countries whose economies have experienced important economic expansion and development. One group of countries has been labeled the BRIC countries and the other the VISTA countries. Identify each of the nine countries and provide some insights about their economies and economic importance. The theories of absolute and comparative advantage have been offered as an economic rationale for trade between and among regions and countries. Compare and contrast the two concepts. Which of the two do you think is more important for explaining the growth in global trade during the last 25 years? Why”arrow_forward
- While different natural resources and the theory of comparative advantage can explain many trade patterns, they cannot explain all types of trade that economists observe. Consider each scenario in the following table and determine which theory best explains the trade pattern described. Dynamic Comparative Advantage Product Life Cycle Theory Intra-Industry Specialization Scenario For many years, microchip firms in the nation of Tablon have struggled with high production costs compared to firms in the nation of Ghovia, because Tablon's soldering tools are outdated, forcing workers to work slowly. As a result, most microchips are made in Ghovia and exported. An inventor employed by a firm in Tablon comes up with a new way to solder chips that makes workers 40% more efficient. This innovation reduces costs and allows the firms in Tablon to take over the microchip market. In response, firms in Ghovia start to research how they can update their factories to be more cost effective. In the…arrow_forwardSuppose an economist develops an international trade model based on the assumption that there are only two countries and two goods. We can say that the model is worthless, since the actual world has many countries trading many goods. can be useful in the classroom, but has no use in the real world. can be useful only in situations involving two countries and two goods. can be useful in helping economists to understand the complex world of international trade involving many countries and many goods.arrow_forwardQuestion 27 . If Maxine and Daisy both specialized in the product in which they have a comparative advantage, would they benefit from trading with each other? Group of answer choices There is not enough information to know. No, at least one of them would not gain, and so would not gain from trade. Yes, they would both gain from trade.arrow_forward
- A country may specialize in the production of a good that it can produce at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partners. Because of this comparative advantage, countries benefit when they specialize and trade with each other. The following graphs show the production possibilities curves (PPCs) for Candonia and Lamponia. Both countries produce grain and coffee, each initially (i.e., before specialization and trade) producing 12 million pounds of grain and 6 million pounds of coffee, as indicated by the grey stars marked with the letter A. 32 28 B COFFEE (Millions of pounds) 24 16 12 0 PPC 14 Candonia A 8 24 12 16 20 GRAIN (Millions of pounds) 28 32 ? COFFEE (Millions of pounds) 32 28 24 20 16 12 4 0 10 PPC 4 Lamponia A 4 11 8 12 16 20 24 GRAIN (Millions of pounds) 26 32 ?arrow_forwardWhich situation describes when mutually beneficial trade occurs? Question options: Country A has a comparative advantage in producing strawberries. Country B has a comparative advantage in producing kiwis. Country A increases production of strawberries, and Country B decreases production of kiwis. When Country A trades with Country B to obtain kiwis, and when Country B trades with Country A to obtain strawberries, both countries can benefit. Country A has a comparative advantage in producing strawberries. Country B has a comparative advantage in producing kiwis. Neither country wants any of the produce they have a comparative advantage in, so both nations can benefit from trade. Country A has a comparative advantage in producing strawberries. Country B has a comparative advantage in producing kiwis. Country A increases production of strawberries, and Country B increases production of kiwis. When Country A trades with Country B to obtain…arrow_forwardIf a scale economy is the dominant technological factor defining or establishing comparative advantage, then the underlying facts explaining why a particular country dominates world markets in some product may be pure chance or historical accident. Using an example you have learnt in class, do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Explain the above phenomena in no more than 150 wordsarrow_forward
- A country may specialize in the production of a good that it can produce at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partners. Because of this comparative advantage, countries benefit when they specialize and trade with each other. The following graphs show the production possibilities curves (PPCs) for Freedonia and Sylvania. Both countries produce grain and tea, each initially (i.e., before specialization and trade) producing 24 million pounds of grain and 12 million pounds of tea, as indicated by the grey stars marked with the letter A. Freedonia has a comparative advantage in the production of , while Sylvania has a comparative advantage in the production of . Suppose that Freedonia and Sylvania specialize in the production of the goods in which each has a comparative advantage. After specialization, the two countries can produce a total of million pounds of tea and million pounds of grain. Suppose that Freedonia and Sylvania agree to trade. Each country focuses its…arrow_forwardAnalyzing the following (2x2) matrices. Identify the countries having certain advantages. Specify the benefits of trade for both countries. This matrix involves 2 countries exchanging 2 commodities Wheat (Labor hours/Unit of Output ) Steel (Labor hours/Unit of Output) Germany 30 40 France 20 80 (Numerical values reflect labor hours per unit of output) Will trade occur? Identify the country having the advantage in wheat production and the one having the advantage in steel production. Identify the production possibility frontiers for both countries. along with the gains from trade.arrow_forwardWhen a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good, it means that it can produce this good at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partner. Then the country will specialize in the production of this good and trade it for other goods. The following graphs show the production possibilities frontiers (PPFS) for Candonia and Lamponia. Both countries produce grain and sugar, each initially (i.e., before specialization and trade) producing 24 million pounds of grain and 12 million pounds of sugar, as indicated by the grey stars marked with the letter A. SUGAR (Millions of pounds) 64 56 48 PPF 40 32 24 16 8 0 0 8 Candonia 16 24 32 40 48 GRAIN (Millions of pounds) 56 64 (?) SUGAR (Millions of pounds) 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 0 PPF ———— 0 8 Lamponia A 16 24 32 40 48 GRAIN (Millions of pounds) 56 64 ? Candonia has a comparative advantage in the production of sugar while Lamponia has a comparative advantage in the grain production of ▼ . Suppose that Candonia and Lamponia…arrow_forward
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