Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781292134147
Author: Housecroft, Catherine E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 2, Problem 1P

Draw Lewis structures to describe the bonding in the following molecules: (a) F 2 ; (b) BF 3 ; (C) NH 3 ;(d) H 2 Se ;(e) H 2 O 2 ;(f) BeCl 2 ;(g) SiH 4 ;(h) PF 5

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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures to describe the bonding in the following molecules: (a) F2 (b) BF3 (c) NH3 (d) H2Se (e) H2O2 (f) BeCl2 (g) SiH4 (h) PF5 are to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical bond is a force of attraction which holds two atoms together.

Lewis presented a method of describing the arrangement of valence electrons in molecule. The basic rule of this theory is that electrons in a molecule should be in pair.

The single (odd) electron present in a molecule indicates that the species is a radical.

The electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom are called valence electrons.

Answer to Problem 1P

Solution:

(a)

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  1

(b)

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  2

(c)

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  3

(d)

H··Se··H

(e)

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  4

(f)

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  5

(g)

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  6

(h)

Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  7

Explanation of Solution

Lewis structure is used to represent the valence electron present in an atom. In Lewis structures dots or crosses are used to represent number of valence electrons and the nuclei are indicated by appropriate elemental symbols.

  1. For molecule F2

    The atomic number of Fluorine atom = 9

    The ground state electron configuration of F atom is 1s22s22p5

    Valence electron in F atom = 2s22p5 = 7

    So, it gains one electron to complete its octet and attain a stable noble gas electronic configuration.

    Hence, fluorine can form single covalent bond with another fluorine atom.

    Each fluorine atom carries three lone pair of electrons.

    The Lewis structure of F2 molecule is drawn below:

    Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  8 Or Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  9

  2. For molecule BF3

    The atomic number of Boron atom = 5

    The ground state electron configuration of B atom is 1s22s22p1

    Valence electron in B atom = 2s22p1 = 3

    The atomic number of Fluorine atom = 9

    The ground state electron configuration of F atom is 1s22s22p5

    Valence electron in F atom = 2s22p5 = 7

    So, it gains one electron to complete its octet and attain a stable nearest noble gas electronic configuration.

    In BF3 molecule, three single covalent bond are formed between one carbon atom and three fluorine atoms.

    The Lewis structure of BF3 molecule is drawn below:

    Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  10OrInorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  11

  3. For molecule NH3

    The atomic number of Nitrogen atom = 7

    The ground state electron configuration of N atom is 1s22s22p3

    Valence electron in N atom = 2s22p3 = 5

    So, it gains three electrons to complete its octet and attain stable nearest noble gas electronic configuration.

    Hence, N can form three covalent bonds.

    The atomic number of Hydrogen atom = 1

    The ground state electron configuration of H atom is 1s1

    Valence electron in H atom = 1s1 = 1

    In NH3 molecule, three single covalent bond are formed between one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms.

    The Lewis structure of NH3 molecule is drawn below:

    Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  12 Or Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  13

  4. For molecule H2Se

    The atomic number of Selenium atom = 34

    The ground state electron configuration of Se atom is [Ar]3d104s24p4

    Valence electron in Se atom = 4s24p4 = 6

    So, it gains two electrons to complete its octet and attain stable nearest noble gas electronic configuration.

    Hence, selenium can form two covalent bonds.

    The atomic number of H atom = 1

    The ground state electron configuration of hydrogen atom is 1s1

    Valence electron in H atom = 1s1 = 1

    In H2Se molecule, two single covalent bond are formed between one selenium atom and two hydrogen atoms by two sharing pair of electrons.

    The Lewis structure of H2Se molecule is drawn below:

    H··Se··H Or HSeH

  5. For molecule H2O2

    The atomic number of Oxygen atom = 8

    The ground state electron configuration of O atom is 1s22s22p4

    Valence electron in O atom = 2s22p4 = 6

    So, it gains two electrons to complete its octet and attain stable nearest noble gas electronic configuration.

    Hence, oxygen can form two covalent bonds.

    The atomic number of Hydrogen atom = 1

    The ground state electron configuration of H atom is 1s1

    Valence electron in H atom = 1s1 = 1

    In H2O2 molecule, two single covalent bond are formed between two oxygen atoms and two hydrogen atoms by two sharing pair of electrons.

    The Lewis structure of H2O2 molecule is drawn below:

    Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  14

    Or

    HOOH

  6. For molecule BeCl2

    The atomic number of Beryllium atom = 4

    The ground state electron configuration of Be atom is 1s22s2

    Valence electron in Be atom = 2s2 = 2

    The atomic number of Chlorine atom = 17

    The ground state electron configuration of Cl atom is 1s22s22p63s23p5

    Valence electron in Cl atom = 3s23p5 = 7

    So, it gains one electron to complete its octet and attain stable nearest noble gas electronic configuration.

    In BeCl2 molecule, two single covalent bond are formed between one beryllium atoms and two chlorine atoms.

    The Lewis structure of BeCl2 molecule is drawn below:

    Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  15

    Or

    ClBeCl

  7. For molecule SiH4

    The atomic number of Silicon atom = 14

    The ground state electron configuration of Si atom is 1s22s22p63s23p2

    Valence electron in Si atom = 3s23p2 = 4

    The atomic number of Hydrogen atom = 1

    The ground state electron configuration of H atom is 1s1

    Valence electron in H atom = 1s1 = 1

    In SiH4 molecule, four single covalent bond are formed between one silicon atom and four hydrogen atoms.

    The Lewis structure of SiH4 molecule is drawn below:

    Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  16 Or Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  17

  8. For molecule PF5

    The atomic number of Phosphorous atom = 15

    The ground state electron configuration of P atom is 1s22s22p63s23p3

    Valence electron in P atom = 3s23p3 = 5

    So, it gains three electrons to complete its octet and attain stable nearest noble gas electronic configuration.

    The atomic number of F atom = 9

    The ground state electron configuration of fluorine atom is 1s22s22p5

    Valence electron in F atom = 2s22p5 = 7

    In case of PF5 molecule, five single covalent bond are formed between one phosphorous atom and five fluorine atoms.

    The Lewis structure of PF5 molecule is drawn below:

    Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  18OrInorganic Chemistry, Chapter 2, Problem 1P , additional homework tip  19

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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following bonds are polar: (a) P—O; (b) S—F; (c) Br—Br; (d) O—Cl? Which is the more electronegative atom in each polar bond?
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Chapter 2 Solutions

Inorganic Chemistry

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