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The second ionization of carbon
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Inorganic Chemistry
- In the reaction of Lithium and Fluorine, each Li atoms takes 1 electron from an F atom to form 1 mol of gaseous Li+F- ion pair. Due to their opposite charges, they attract each other with a net force of 6.735 x 10-12N. Calculate the amount of energy when one mole of Li+F- ion pairs is formed from the separated ions, given that n=7. The observed inter-nuclear distance in the gas phase between ions is 156 pm. (Use ε0= 8.85 x 1012 C2/N-m2). Do not round off your answers from the start of the solution until the final answer.arrow_forwardWhat is the threshold frequency ν0ν0nu_0 of cesium? Note that 1 eV (electron volt)=1.60×10−19 J.arrow_forward2.9 Vibrations in crystals. (a) Calculate the average vibrational energy per mole for Si at 400 K to within the limits of the Einstein theory. Let VẸ = 12 x 1012 s-1, (b) If each atom carried three quanta of vibrational energy, how much vibrational energy would the crystal contain?arrow_forward
- 5. (a) Use the hydrogen-like model z2 (in eV) En --13.6 to calculate the total energy of the three electrons of lithium (Li), which has the electron configuration: 1s? 2s'. The three ionization energies for Li(g) are: IE, = 5.392 ev; IE2 = 75.64 eV; IE = 122.5 ev. With the help of Koopman's theorem, what is the total energy of ropulsion between lithium's three electrons (in kJ mol')?arrow_forwardIt is known that the possible values for the magnetic quantum number mι are -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 and +5. What is (a) the orbital quantum number ι and (b) the smallest possible value of the principal quantum number n?arrow_forward12 J (er? nu? nu? ng2 ng (2p)] configuration is for 02 A O +o, 2 coarrow_forward
- The electronic structure of one-dimensional chain of sodium (Na) atoms can be approximately described by the particle-in-a-box model. The energy of each state can be calculated using n?h? En 8mlz п 3 1,2, 3, ... where L is the length of the 1D chain. Assuming L = ao(N – 1), where N is the number of Na atoms and ao = 0.360 nm is the internuclear distance. a) Determine the energy gap between the highest occupied energy level and the lowest unoccupied energy level as a function of N. Assume that N is an even number that is large enough b) Thermal energy at room temperature is 4.15 × 10-21 J. Calculate the minimum number of Na atoms required so that the energy gap is smaller than the thermal energy.arrow_forwardConsider four non-interacting 'He atoms, each of which can occupy three energy levels of energies 0, a and 2a. The number of microstates having total energy E = 3a isarrow_forwardConsider an element that reaches its first excited state by absorption of 626.7 nm light. Determine the energy difference in kilojoules per mole between the ground state and the first excited state. ΔΕ = If the degeneracies of the two states for the element are g'/go= 2, determine N°/No at 2010 K. N° No By what percentage does N°/No change if the temperature is raised by 20 K? percentage: What is N°/No at 5370 K? N* No kJ/molarrow_forward
- Part B The electronic structure of one-dimensional chain of sodium (Na) atoms can be approximately described by the particle-in-a-box model. The energy of each state can be calculated using En=(n^2h^2)/8mL^2, ? = 1, 2, 3, … where L is the length of the 1D chain. Assuming L = a0(N – 1), where N is the number of Na atoms and a0 = 0.360 nm is the internuclear distance. a) Determine the energy gap between the highest occupied energy level and the lowest unoccupied energy level as a function of N. Assume that N is an even number that is large enough (Hint: assume that each Na only contributes 1 electron to the problem and consider the information in Question 1c above.). b) Thermal energy at room temperature is 4.15 × 10–21 J. Calculate the minimum number of Na atoms required so that the energy gap is smaller than the thermal energy.arrow_forwardCalculate the most probable radius, rmp, at which an electron will be found when it occupies a 1s orbital of a hydrogenic atom of atomic number Z, and tabulate the values for the oneelectron species from H to Ne9+ .arrow_forward1) What is the relationship between binding energy and ionization energy? Calculate the first and second excitation energy as well as the ionization energy of hydrogen atom? 2) Explain and drawing the elliptical and circular orbits according to the Sommerfeld's theory for n = 4, 5 ?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning