Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 2Q
Consider the experiment described in Section 2.1 in which Ted Garland and colleagues bred mice to run long distances on exercise wheels. We presented the results as evidence that two dozen generations of selective breeding had altered the experimental population. How does the control strain support this interpretation? If Garland had simply compared the behavior of the 24th experimental generation to the behavior of the first experimental generation, would the evidence for evolution be as strong? Explain.
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You are studying a species of beetle known as a Flumbodoodle Beetle. The beetle has long spikes on its shell to defend itself from potential predators. You are interested in studying evolution in this beetle. Which of the following studies do you not need to conduct to determine if the long spike trait can evolve by natural selection.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Review the kinds of evidence for evolution...Ch. 2 - Consider the experiment described in Section 2.1...Ch. 2 - In addition to dogs, list at least two or three...Ch. 2 - Look back at Figure 2.14d, which shows the two...Ch. 2 - Figures 2.20 through 2.22 show examples of...Ch. 2 - The transitional fossils in Figure 2.21...Ch. 2 - Section 2.4 presented two definitions of homology:...Ch. 2 - Analogy and homology are important concepts used...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.26 is an evolutionary tree showing the...Ch. 2 - According to the evolutionary tree shown in Figure...
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- While the French biologist LaMarck was correct in proposing that evolution does occur, he believed that the long necks of giraffes evolved as generations of giraffes reached for ever higher leaves on the trees. Using these observations, LaMarck proposed the theory that evolution occurs due to the inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime. From what you know about the scientific method, why is this incorrect?arrow_forwardOne of the lines of evidence that led Darwin to the theory of natural selection was his study of artificial selection. Plant breeders and pigeon breeders select offspring with specific traits in mind beforehand. a) However, since humans are an integral part of the natural world, do you think that artificial selection might be more appropriately termed “natural selection”? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following factors are required in order for evolution to occur? a. Individuals within a population must be receptive to change and collectively determine which trait(s) is/are to be modified in subsequent generations b. Genetic variation within a population must exist or have the potential to arise, and shifts in allelic frequencies will take place or have the potential to take place c. Individuals within a population should be able to reproduce effectively (i.e., without barriers to reproduction existing) d. Both A & B e. Both B & Carrow_forward
- The dog breed West Highland Terrier is a product of artificial selection. Give a brief description of the breed and its desired traits. What wild ancestor did it come from? Was it produced with selective breeding or genetic engineering (i.e. genetically modified)? What are the benefits of artificial selection in this case? Are there potential negative consequences?arrow_forwardEvolution is a theory, so it is still only tentative. Once it is really a meaningful scientific discipline, it will become a law. Select one: O True O False Darwin was meticulous in making several key observations that formed the foundation of his argument for his theory of evolution. Which of the following did Darwin NOT use in the formulation of his theory? Select one: O a. Variation exists in populations. b. There is a culling among offspring. c. Keystone species are infrequently found in disturbed communities. d. Traits are inherited across generations. e. Individuals reproduce in excess. A bison walks through a prairie, foraging on grass. As it walks, it kicks up insects which are then eaten by brown-headed cowbirds. Match the relationships below with their appropriate type of dyadic interaction. Bison Grass Choose... Choose... Bison |Insect Competition Bison Cowbird Mutualism Amensalism Commensalism Consumer-resourcearrow_forwardDo you think the human race is continuing to evolve in a Darwinian, genetic sense? Are the genes of our species changing? Do not just write "yes" or "no," but explain why you think so. In addition, include in your explanation of how the mechanisms of evolution, such as natural selection, would be at play.arrow_forward
- In Darwin's theory of natural selection, which of the following is a source of evolution: a.Individuals who do not vary from their progenitors. b.Intelligent and purposeful design. c.Individuals with random mutations who are able to reproduce. d.Individuals with random mutations who die without reproducing.arrow_forwardDarwin was not the first to propose a mechanism for evolution. Lamarck proposed “acquired inheritance” in which individuals inherit those traits acquired in the lifetime of their parents (e.g., long necks). Compare Lamark’s mechanism to Darwin’s mechanism for evolution (descent with modification). As part of your answer describe how each theory is similar to the other and how each is different? Finally, Lamarck’s theory can be easily shown to be unworkable (e.g., amputees don’t have babies that are amputees meaning babies don’t inherit the acquired trait). What makes Darwin’s theory workable when compared to Lamarck’s unworkable theory.arrow_forwardThe Amish community in Eastern Pennsylvania stemmed from a small closed population of around 200 individuals from Eastern Europe. Certain mutant alleles have been found at higher frequencies in the Amish relative to the general population, including a rare form of dwarfism called Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome, in which the short stature is accompanied by polydactyly. Evaluate the factors driving evolution in the Amish population. Is this form of evolution adaptive? Explain.arrow_forward
- As an experiment, Dr. Charles Someone released bunnies on an island where there were no natural predators and plenty of food and good bunny habitat. Before he released them, he noticed that the population had an equal number of bunnies with great heat resistance and bunnies without good heat resistance. Since the island was very hot, he suspected that evolution would occur to make the heat resistant allele more abundant than the heat susceptible allele. He comes back after many years and observes the bunnies, only to find that the heat resistant bunnies are not the majority. In fact, the alleles for the susceptibility vastly outnumber the ones for resistance. What is going on? Choose the best answer. O a. Random chance, and not evolution. Evolution only happens with beneficial alleles O b. Random chance, and evolution. Evolution can happen with beneficial or deleterious alleles O c. Natural selection must be choosing the susceptible bunnies for a reason O d. None of thesearrow_forwardPINE TREE NEEDLES Variation among members of a population can lead to natural selection, but only if two conditions are met: First, the trait must be relevant to an individual's survival and/or reproductive rate. Second, variation in this trait must be heritable, that is, at least partly controlled by genes. a. How might you design an experiment to determine the importance of needle length in determining survival and reproduction? b. How might you test the extent to which needle length is heritable?arrow_forwardExplain the reasoning behind the statement “Evolution is not goal oriented.”arrow_forward
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