Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 10E
Why is it so hard to see planets around other stars and so easy to see them around our own?
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Please answer the following
A) Suppose an object takes 1000 years to orbit the Sun. How many times farther from the Sun is it, when compared with Earth?
B) Communications with the spacecraft Alpha using radio waves require 2000 years for the round trip (there and back). This implies that Alpha is how many light years away from Earth?
Earth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions.
a) At the orbit of Jupiter (780 million km from the Sun).
Why can't we easily see stars and planets in the sky when we are in a city but can easily see them elsewhere?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 21 - Give several reasons the Orion molecular cloud is...Ch. 21 - Why is star formation more likely to occur in cold...Ch. 21 - Why have we learned a lot about star formation...Ch. 21 - Describe what happens when a star forms. Begin...Ch. 21 - Describe how the T Tauri star stage in the life of...Ch. 21 - Look at the four stages shown in Figure 21.8. In...Ch. 21 - The evolutionary track for a star of 1 solar mass...Ch. 21 - Two protostars, one 10 times the mass of the Sun...Ch. 21 - Compare the scale (size) of a typical dusty disk...Ch. 21 - Why is it so hard to see planets around other...
Ch. 21 - Why did it take astronomers until 1995 to discover...Ch. 21 - Which types of planets are most easily detected by...Ch. 21 - List three ways in which the exoplanets we have...Ch. 21 - List any similarities between discovered...Ch. 21 - What revisions to the theory of planet formation...Ch. 21 - Why are young Jupiters easier to see with direct...Ch. 21 - A friend of yours who did not do well in her...Ch. 21 - Observations suggest that it takes more than 3...Ch. 21 - Suppose you wanted to observe a planet around...Ch. 21 - Why were giant planets close to their stars the...Ch. 21 - Exoplanets in eccentric orbits experience large...Ch. 21 - When astronomers found the first giant planets...Ch. 21 - An exoplanetary system has two known planets....Ch. 21 - Kepler’s third law says that the orbital period...Ch. 21 - Calculate the transit depth for an M dwarf star...Ch. 21 - If a transit depth of 0.00001 can be detected with...Ch. 21 - What fraction of gas giant planets seems to have...
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- Time From this light curve, we can deduce that... O the star has a high mass exoplanet orbiting it O the star has an exoplanet orbiting it that has an eccentric orbit O the star has an exoplanet orbiting it that has an eccentric orbit O the star has an exoplanet that is not on the same orbital plane as the star L Brightnessarrow_forwardEarth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions. a) At the orbit of Venus (67 million km from the Sun)arrow_forwardThere are two parts to this question. I need to know how many times fainter Venus is from a distance of 6 pc and what the apparent magnitude would be as well! Thank you!!arrow_forward
- Mercury's orbit ranges from 46 to 70 million km from the Sun, while Earth orbits at about 150 million km. a. The Sun has a 30-arc-minute diameter viewed from Earth; what range of sizes does it have when viewed from Mercury? When Mercury is 46 million km from the Sun, the Sun has a diameter of When Mercury is 70 million km from the Sun, the Sun has a diameter of arc-minutes. arc-minutes. b. At Mercury's orbital extremes, how many times stronger is the Sun's radiation on Mercury than on Earth? At 46 million km, the Sun's radiation is times stronger than on Earth. At 70 million km, the Sun's radiation is times stronger than on Earth.arrow_forwardRead this main idea: The sun is the center of our solar system. Choose three details that go with the main idea. The sun's gravity holds the planets in place. It provides them with heat and light. The largest stars, called supergiants, are 1,500 times bigger than our sun. It takes Earth 365 days to orbit the sun. Jupiter takes 12 years! Our sun is not the largest or hottest star. It is a medium sized yellow star. Radio telescopes use radio waves to show stars in great detail. Astronomers long ago and today use star charts to map star locations. All of the planets in our solar system revolve around one star-our sun. Stars can be blue, white, yellow, or red. Blue stars are the hottest. A reflector telescope bounces star light through mirrors.arrow_forwardEarth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m^2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions. a) At the orbit of Venus (67 million km from the Sun). b) At the orbit of Jupiter (780 million km from the Sun). c) At the mean distance of Pluto (40 Astronomical Units).arrow_forward
- F2 Planets in the habitable zone of their stars: 1 #3 3 O are so far from their stars that it is very difficult to discover them O are at a temperature where water can exist as a liquid on the planet's surface O are always the planets closest to the star are also called hot Jupiters O cannot exist around stars that are red dwarfs (spectral type M) E G D F3 $ 54 2 4 R F4 LL F DII % 5 Q Search F5 T 9 -0. G < 6 A F6 Y * F7 & 7 H PrtScn U FB 8 Home Jarrow_forwardWhat is the apparent magnitude of the Sun as seen from Venus at perihelion? What is the apparent magnitude of the sun as seen from Pluto at aphelion?arrow_forwardEarth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m^2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions. b) At the orbit of Jupiter (780 million km from the Sun).arrow_forward
- Earth is about 150 million kilometers from the Sun (1 Astronomical Unit, or AU), and the apparent brightness of the Sun in our sky is about 1300 watts/m2. Using these two facts and the inverse square law for light, determine the apparent brightness that we would measure for the Sun if we were located at the following positions. a) At the mean distance of Pluto (40 Astronomical Units).arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the radial velocity of a star plotted as a function of time over the course of 20 days. Where is the planet in its orbit around the star when the star's radial velocity is 18 km/s? How do I determine this?arrow_forwardA planet (in another galaxy) takes 5 000 Earth days to complete one full revolution around its own star (not the Sun). It is exactly as far away from its star as Earth is to its own Sun. Draw a FBD, then determine how many times more or less massive this star is than our sun (in other words, give a factor of mass, e.g “5x larger” or “5x smaller”)arrow_forward
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