Economics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Course List)
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781305506725
Author: James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 22, Problem 16CQ
(a)
To determine
Filling of table with marginal cost,
(b)
To determine
Lowest
(c)
To determine
The output produced by firm A at the lowest price.
(d)
To determine
Lowest price at which firm A will produce.
(e)
To determine
The output produced by firm B at the lowest price.
(f)
To determine
Production of firm A when the market price is $20.
(g)
To determine
Production of firm B when the market price is $20.
(h)
To determine
Firm achieves higher profit or smaller loss in the case of fixing a $20 as price, when its fixed cost is $20.
(i)
To determine
Net
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Assume that a firm in a competitive market faces the following cost information. If the market price for this firm's product is $40, calculate the profit maximizing level of output for this firm using marginal analysis. It may help to create your own cost table and fill in columns for Marginal Cost and Average Total Cost based on the Total Cost information below.
a.What is the level of profit for this firm at the profit maximizing output?
b.To convince yourself that the quantity you found is indeed the profit maximizing quantity, try calculating what the profit would be at the next higher level of output. What did you find?
c. What do you predict will happen in this market over the long run?
Assume that a firm in a competitive market faces the following cost information. If the market price for this firm's product is $40, calculate the profit maximizing level of output for this firm using marginal analysis.
a.Approximately where do you think the price will end up in this market over the long run?
b.Last, instead of assuming a given price, how would you go about finding the equilibrium price if you were given information on market demand?
The wheat industry is comprised of many firms producing an identical product. Market demand and supply conditions are indicated in the left-hand panel of the figure attached; the long-run cost curves of a wheat farmer are shown in the right-hand panel. Currently, the market price for wheat is $2 per pound, and at that price, consumers are purchasing 800,000 pounds of wheat per day.
Using the graphs attached, answer the following:
a. How many pounds of wheat will each farmer produce if they want to maximize profits?
b. How many farmers are currently serving the industry (fractional numbers are fine)?
c. In the long run, what will the equilibrium price of wheat be? Briefly explain your answer.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Economics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Course List)
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- Based on the given graph:a. If this firm profit-maximizes, how much output will it produce and what price will it charge? b. When this firm profit maximizes, what (compute) is the firm’s profit or loss? Is this firm in a short run or long run equilibrium? Why? c. Does the firm minimize cost? Why or why not? How much excess capacity does this firm have?arrow_forwardWill a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market ever produce a positive level of output in the range where the marginal cost is falling? Give an explanation.arrow_forwardThe following graph shows a firm’s marginal cost and average cost of production of raspberries. a. The equilibrium price at this market is $2.5. At this price, is the firm earning economic profit or is itincurring economic losses?b. Is the firm operating in a competitive market based on the given information? Why?c. Suppose the price of raspberries increases to $5. How would you answer a. and b. in this case?d. If the market is indeed competitive, what will happen after the price increase in c.? What will bethe final price and the long-term profit of the firm?arrow_forward
- In competitive markets, there are many small firms with each firm unable to influence the market price. Suppose company ABX operates in the wheat market. The company produces and markets wheats at a Price = $20 per container. The firm’s total costs are given as: TC = 50 +2Q + 3Q2 What level of output should the firm produce? Hint: Set P = MC and solve for Q. Use a graph to show your answers as wellarrow_forwardSuppose the market for peaches is perfectly competitive. The short-run average total cost and marginal cost of growing peaches for an individual grower are illustrated in the figure to the right. Assume that the market price for peaches is $28.00 per box. What is the profit-maximizing quantity for peach growers to produce? boxes. (Enter your response as an integer.) Price (dollars per box) 40- 36- 32- 28- 24- 20- 16- 12- 8- 4- 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Output (boxes of peaches per day) MC ATC 90 100 oo Qarrow_forwardConsider the competitive market for steel. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the industry, every firm in the industry is identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph. (?) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 ATC 30 20 MCO AVC 10 + 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 QUANTITY (Thousands of tons) The following diagram shows the market demand for steel. Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 30 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 40 firms. 100 90 Supply (20 firms) 80 70 E 60 Supply (30…arrow_forward
- The market for fertilizer is perfectly competitive. Firms in the market are producing output but are currently incurring economic losses. How does the price of fertilizer compare to the average total cost, the average variable cost, and the marginal cost of producing fertilizer? Draw two graphs, side by side, illustrating the present situation for the typical firm and for the market. (use MC, ACT, and AVC) Assuming there is no change in either demand or the firms’ cost curves, explain what will happen in the long run to the price of fertilizer, marginal cost, average total cost, the quantity supplied by each firm, and the total quantity supplied to the market.arrow_forwardGeorge Stigler, "Perfect Competition, Historically Contemplated," Journal of Political Economy,Vol. 55, No. 1, (February 1957), pp. 1-17. Despite the fact that few firms sell identical products in markets where there are no barriers to entry, economists believe that the model of perfect competition is important because A. economists prefer studying theoretical markets instead of actual markets. B. all markets eventually become perfectly competitive. C. it is a benchmark—a market with the maximum possible competition—that economists use to evaluate actual markets that are not perfectly competitive. D. this is the type of market that our business laws protect and promote.arrow_forwardThe hardware industry is perfectly competitive. Currently the price of a hammer is $5 and there is a balance between the number of hammers purchased and the number of hammers manufactured. However, the minimum average total cost of hammers is $7.50. Which of these scenarios is most likely ? Select one: A. Firms will enter the industry and the price will fall to $4 B. Firms will enter the industry and the price will stay at $5 C. Firms will leave the industry but the price will stay at $5 D. Firms will leave the industry and the price will rise to $7.50arrow_forward
- Suppose the market for peaches is perfectly competitive. The short-run average total cost and marginal cost of growing peaches for an individual grower are illustrated in the figure to the right. Assume that the market price for peaches is $30.00 per box. What is the profit-maximizing quantity for peach growers to produce? boxes. (Enter your response as an integer.) At this level of output, profit will be $. (Enter your response rounded to the nearest dollar.) Peach growers will earn positive economic profit in the short run at any market price above $ per box. (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place.) Price (dollars per box) 40- 36- 32- 28- 24 20 16- 12- 8 4- 10 MC 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Output (boxes of peaches per day) ▬▬ ATC 90 100 Qarrow_forwardThe data in the following table give information about the price P (in dollars) for which a perfectly competitive firm can sell a unit of output and the total cost of production, where quantity is q, total cost is C, marginal cost is MC, total revenue is TR, marginal revenue is MR, and profit is . Fill in the blanks in the following table. (Enter your responses using integers.) q 0 1 Further, profit will 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 C 100 150 178 198 212 230 250 272 310 355 410 475 MC TR Show what happens to the firm's output choice and profit if the price of the product falls from $50 to $40. If the market price falls from $50 to $40, then the firm's output will from $ to $ from P = 50 MR (Enter your responses using integers.) units to π TR P = 40 MR units. (Enter your responses using integers.) πarrow_forwardConsider the competitive market for dress shirts. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves for a typical firm in the industry. For each price in the following table, use the graph to determine the number of shirts this firm would produce in order to maximize its profit. Assume that when the price is exactly equal to the average variable cost, the firm is indifferent between producing zero shirts and the profit-maximizing quantity. Also, indicate whether the firm will produce, shut down, or be indifferent between the two in the short run. Lastly, determine whether it will make a profit, suffer a loss, or break even at each price.arrow_forward
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