Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 22, Problem 29Q
To determine

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That the form of the Kepler’s third law, P2=4π2G(M+M)a3 can be simplified to M=rν2G given that the orbit is a circle.

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You observe a star orbiting in the outer parts of a galaxy. The distance to this galaxy is known, and you are able to take a spectra of this star and determine its velocity. The star is 19 kpc from the galaxy center and moving in a circular orbit with speed 369 km/s. Compute the total mass of the galaxy internal to the star's orbit. You will get a large number; express it in scientific notation and in units of solar masses [e.g., 4.2e10]. [Hint: there is a Box in Chapter 22 of your textbook that will be of help. See also the course formula sheet.]
(a) Estimate the height (z) above or below the Galactic plane for the globular cluster M13 (1,b = 59°, 40.9°) and the Orion Nebula (1,b = 209°, -19.4°). M13 and the Orion Nebula are 7 kpc and 450 pc away from Earth respectively. (b) To which components of the Galaxy do these objects probably belong? Explain your answers.
The difference in absolute magnitude between two objects at the same distance is related to their fluxes by the flux-magnitude relation. FA FB  = 2.51(MB − MA) A distant galaxy contains a type I classical Cepheid whose period results in an absolute magnitude estimate of  −6.3.  If this star were placed next to our Sun  (M = +4.8)  and you observed them both from the same distance, how much more flux would the Cepheid emit than the Sun? FCepheid FSun  =    If a galaxy contains a supernova that at its brightest has an apparent magnitude of +11, how far away is the galaxy? Assume that the absolute magnitude of the supernova is  −18.     Hint:  Use the magnitude-distance formula:  d = 10(mV − MV + 5)/5 .     The hydrogen Balmer line H? has a wavelength of 486.1 nm. It is shifted to 559.7 nm in a quasar's spectrum. What is the redshift of this quasar? (Hint: What is Δ??)
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