Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 25, Problem 19E
The Sun orbits the center of the Galaxy in 225 million years at a distance of 26,000 light-years. Given that
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Recent findings in astrophysics suggest that the observable universe can be modeled as a sphere of radius R=13.7x109 light-years=13.0 x 1025m with an average total mass density of about 1x10-26 kg/m3 Only about 4% of total mass is due to “ordinary” matter (such as protons, neutrons, and electrons). Estimate how much ordinary matter (in kg) there is in the observable universe. (For the light-year, see Problem 19.)
For a circular velocity profile of the type (r) = ar¹/9, where a is a constant and r is the radial distance from the centre of a spiral galaxy, find the ratio
K(r)/(r), where K(r) is the epicyclic frequency and 2(r) is the angular velocity. Enter your answer to 2 decimal places.
The Tully-Fischer method relies on being able to relate the mass of a galaxy to its rotation velocity. Stars in the outer-most regions of the Milky Way galaxy, located at a distance of 50 kpc from the galactic centre, are observed to orbit at a speed vrot = 250 km s−1. Using Kepler’s 3rd Law, determine the mass in the Milky Way that lies interior to 50 kpc. Express your answer in units of the Solar mass.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 25 - Explain why we see the Milky Way as a faint band...Ch. 25 - Explain where in a spiral galaxy you would expect...Ch. 25 - Describe several characteristics that distinguish...Ch. 25 - Briefly describe the main parts of our Galaxy.Ch. 25 - Describe the evidence indicating that a black hole...Ch. 25 - Explain why the abundances of heavy elements in...Ch. 25 - What will be the long-term future of our Galaxy?Ch. 25 - Suppose the Milky Way was a band of light...Ch. 25 - Suppose somebody proposed that rather than...Ch. 25 - The globular clusters revolve around the Galaxy in...
Ch. 25 - Shapley used the positions of globular clusters to...Ch. 25 - Consider the following five kinds of objects: open...Ch. 25 - The dwarf galaxy in Sagittarius is the one closest...Ch. 25 - Suppose three stars lie in the disk of the Galaxy...Ch. 25 - Why does star formation occur primarily in the...Ch. 25 - Where in the Galaxy would you expect to find Type...Ch. 25 - Suppose that stars evolved without losing...Ch. 25 - Assume that the Sun orbits the center of the...Ch. 25 - The Sun orbits the center of the Galaxy in 225...Ch. 25 - Suppose the Sun orbited a little farther out, but...Ch. 25 - We have said that the Galaxy rotates...Ch. 25 - If our solar system is 4.6 billion years old, how...Ch. 25 - Suppose the average mass of a star in the Galaxy...Ch. 25 - The first clue that the Galaxy contains a lot of...Ch. 25 - The best evidence for a black hole at the center...Ch. 25 - The next step in deciding whether the object in...Ch. 25 - Suppose the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy merges...
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- A light year (LY) is the distance that light travels in one year. 1 LY = 9.46x1015 m. Suppose we have detected a planet that orbits a star that is 104 light years away. How many millions of years would it take us to get there if we used a modern rocket with a maximum speed of 20.0 km/s (about 45,000 mph)? Assume 3 sig figs.arrow_forwardA certain line in the spectrum of the light from a nebula has a wavelength of 656 nm instead of the 434 nm measured in the laboratory. If the nebula is movingr radially what is its speed relative to the Earth?arrow_forwardFor a circular velocity profile of the type (r) = αν ar³/6, where a is a constant and is the radial distance from the centre of a spiral galaxy, find the ratio (r)/(r), where (r) is the epicyclic frequency and 2(r) is the angular velocity. Enter your answer to 2 decimal places.arrow_forward
- Suppose we find an Earth-like planet around one of our nearest stellar neighbors, Alpha Centauri (located only 4.4 light-years away). If we launched a "generation ship" at a constant speed of 1500.00 km/s from Earth with a group of people whose descendants will explore and colonize this planet, how many years before the generation ship reached Alpha Centauri? (Note there are 9.46 ××1012 km in a light-year and 31.6 million seconds in a year.arrow_forwardgiven: a (distance to center of galaxy in AU) = 1,717,914,439 AU P (suns orbital period in years) = 203,782,828.3 years M (mass of milky way galaxy in solar masses) = 1.22 x 10^11 Msun Question: Assume the Milky Way Galaxy is made up entirely of stars like the Sun, i.e. on average each star has the mass of 1 MSun. Under this assumption, approximately how many stars are there in our galaxy? Express this answer in billions of stars (1 billion = 109).arrow_forwardA star is 1.0 x 104 ly (light-years) from the center of its galaxy and is moving in a circle around that center at a speed of 110 km/s. (a) How long does it take the star to make one revolution about the galactic center? (b) How many revolutions has the star completed since it was formed about 5.6 x 109 years ago?arrow_forward
- The difference in absolute magnitude between two objects at the same distance is related to their fluxes by the flux-magnitude relation. FA FB = 2.51(MB − MA) A distant galaxy contains a type I classical Cepheid whose period results in an absolute magnitude estimate of −6.3. If this star were placed next to our Sun (M = +4.8) and you observed them both from the same distance, how much more flux would the Cepheid emit than the Sun? FCepheid FSun = If a galaxy contains a supernova that at its brightest has an apparent magnitude of +11, how far away is the galaxy? Assume that the absolute magnitude of the supernova is −18. Hint: Use the magnitude-distance formula: d = 10(mV − MV + 5)/5 . The hydrogen Balmer line H? has a wavelength of 486.1 nm. It is shifted to 559.7 nm in a quasar's spectrum. What is the redshift of this quasar? (Hint: What is Δ??)arrow_forwardThe Sun has an orbital speed of about 220 kms−1 around the centre of the Galaxy, whose distance is 28 000 light years. Estimate the total mass of the Galaxy in solar masses.arrow_forwardThe distance of a galaxy is of the order of 1025 m. Calculate the order of magnitude of time taken by light to reach us from the galaxy.arrow_forward
- Our sun was born approximately 4.6 billion years ago. How many journeys around the centre of our galaxy has the sun made? 21 25 35 50arrow_forwardA star, which is 2.1 x 1020 m from the center of a galaxy, revolves around that center once every 2.8 x 108 years. Assuming each star in the galaxy has a mass equal to the Sun's mass of 2.0 x 1030 kg, the stars are distributed uniformly in a sphere about the galactic center, and the star of interest is at the edge of that sphere, estimate the number of stars in the galaxy.arrow_forwardThe Andromeda galaxy is about 2.5 million light-years or 2.4 x 1022 m from our Milky Way galaxy, and the component of its velocity towards us is about 3.0 x 105 m- s1. If it maintained this velocity component towards us, how long would it take to cover 2.4 x 1022 m? about 1.3 x 10 years O about 2.6 x 10° years about 6.5 x 10% years about 8.0 x 103 yearsarrow_forward
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