Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Acetyl CoA cannot be converted to which molecule has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of
The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed as the β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in this reaction.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Which of the following is NOT produced during the reactions of acetyl-CoA formation? (only one choice is correct) A. Acetyl CoA B. Electrons C. CO2 D. ATParrow_forwardWhich of the following reactions correspond to the decarboxylation step during ketone body formation? A. 2 acetyl-CoA → acetoacetyl-CoA B. ß-hydroxybutarate → acetoacetate C. Acetoacetate → acetone D. HMG-CoA → mevalonatearrow_forwardAcetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by A. biotin B. citrate C. acetyl-CoA D. palmitatearrow_forward
- Which of the following is the chemical end product of fatty-acids metabolized in the beta-oxidation pathway? Select one: a. Beta-carotine b. Free-radicals c. Lactic acid d. Acetyl-CoA e. Pyruvatearrow_forwardBefore a fatty acid can undergo β-oxidation, it must be activated and then shuttled across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The activating agent and shuttle molecule are, respectively: A. CoA and carnitine B. CoA and citrate C. acetyl CoA and carnitine D. acetyl CoA and citratearrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis is: a. The reduction of the acetoacetyl group to a ?-hydroxybutyryl group b. Formation of malonyl-CoA from malonate and coenzyme A. c. Condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. d. The reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.arrow_forward
- Order the steps that results in a triacylglycerol containing two palmitic acids and one stearic acid. a. Diacylglycerol reacts with an fatty-acyl-CoA b. Phosphate is remove from phosphatidic acid to form diacylglycerol c. Two of the fatty acyl-CoAs react with glycerol-3-phosphate d. An elongase produce stearic acid e. Stearoyl-CoA is synthesized…arrow_forwardIn Yeast, pyruvate can be directly converted into: A. acetyl-CoA and ethanol B. acetyl-CoA only C. lactate only D. ethanol onlyarrow_forwardThe liver converts a variety of pyruvate- forming substances to glucose during starvation. Which of the following is an allosteric activator of this process? Explaine each answer A. Acet-CoA B. Alanine C. Citrate D. Oxaloacetate E. Lactate F. Fructose 2, 6-bisphosphatearrow_forward
- In the context of fatty acid oxidation to acetyl CoA, indicate whether each of the following substances is involved in (1) fatty acid activation, (2) fatty acid trans-port, or (3) b-oxidation pathway. More than one choice may be correct in a given situation. a. AMp b. FAD c. Acyl CoA d. H2Oarrow_forwardThe following reaction, the last reaction in beta-oxidation, is an example of a: Enzyme Enzyme-H S-CoA S-COA H2C H3C CoA s–CoA C H2 CH2 R S-COA S-COA S-COA O A. Nucleophilic acyl substitution O B. Electrophilic addition OC. Nucleophilic addition D. Aldol condensation O E. Hydrohalogenationarrow_forwardalpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase will do which of the following: Select one: a. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide b. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 c. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH d. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) e. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH f. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate i. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADHarrow_forward
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