COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 27, Problem 20QAP
To determine
The statement which is true for fission processes.
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B. Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon that has a half-life of 5600 years. It is used extensively in dating
organic material that is tens of thousands of years old.
Model the differential equation of the decay of the isotope if m is the mass and t is the time
Calculate the constant using the half-life time.
What fraction of the original amount of Carbon-14 in a sample would be present after 10,000 years?
i)
ii)
Q1) Plutonium-239 can
undergo fission after absorbing
neutron. If the fission
products are Cesium-133 and
Palladium-104. Determine the
amount of energy released in
the fission process. Use the
following data:
Atom or mass (amu)
particle
Cs-133
Pd-104
Pu-239
N
132.905
103.90403
239.05216
1.00867
5. The best-known example of first-order kinetics is radioactive decay. Suppose you have
ordered a sample of Na3PO4 containing the radioactive isotope 32P (t1/2 = 14.3 days).
(a) Determine the rate constant (in days ¹) for the decay process.
(b) If the shipment is delayed for 10 days, what fraction of the original radioactive sample
will still be present when it arrives?
Chapter 27 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
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- The naturally occurring radioactive isotope 232Th does not make good fission fuel, because it has an even number of neurons; however, it can be bred into a suitable fuel (much as 238U is bred into 239P). (a) What are Z and N for 232Th? (b) Write the reaction equation for neutron captured by 232Th and identify the nuclide AX produced in n+232ThAX+. (c) The product nucleus β decays, as does its daughter. Write me decay equations for each, and identify the final nucleus. (d) Conform that the final nucleus has an odd number of neutrons, making it a better fission fuel. (e) Look up the halflife of the final nucleus to see if it lives long enough to be a useful fuel.arrow_forward(a) Calculate the energy released by the fusion of a 1.00-kg mixture of deuterium and tritium, which produces helium. Tire re are equal numbers of deuterium and tritium nuclei in the mixture. (b) If this process takes place continuously over a period of a year, what is the average power output?arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider the decay of radioactive substances in the Earth's interior. The energy emitted is converted to thermal energy that reaches the earth's surface and is radiated away into cold dark space. Construct a problem in which you estimate the activity in a cubic meter of earth rock? And then calculate the power generated. Calculate how much power must cross each square meter of the Earth’s surface if the power is dissipated at the same rate as it is generated. Among the things to consider are the activity per cubic meter, the energy per decay, and the size of the Earth.arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutroninduced fission reaction n+235U92Kr+142Ba+2n, given m(92Kr)=91.926269 and m(142Ba)=141.916361u. (b) Confirm that the total number at nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.arrow_forwardIt is estimated that the total explosive yield of all the nuclear bombs in existence currently is about 4.000 MT. (a) Convert this amount of energy to kilowatthours, noting that 1kWh=3.60106J. (b) What would the monetary value of this energy be if it could be converted to electricity costing 10 cents per kW.h?arrow_forwardIn the science section of the newspaper, an article reports the efforts of a group of scientists to create a new nuclear reactor based on the fission of iron (Fe). Is this a good idea?arrow_forward
- Assume onefourth of the yield of a typical 320kT strategic bomb comes from fission reactions averaging 200 MeV and the remainder from fusion reactions averaging 20 MeV. (a) Calculate the number of fissions and the approximate mass of uranium and plutonium fissioned, taking the average atomic mass to be 238. (b) Find the number of fusions and calculate the approximate mass of fusion fuel, assuming an average total atomic mass of the two nuclei in each reaction to be 5. (c) Considering the masses found, does it seem reasonable that some missiles could carry 10 warheads? Discuss, noting that the nuclear fuel is only a part of the mass of a warhead.arrow_forward(a) How much energy would be released if the proton did decay 1uria the conjectured reaction (b) Given that the decays to two (s and that the will find an electron to annihilate, what total energy is ultimately produced in proton decay? (c) Why is this energy greater than the proton's total mass (converted to energy)?arrow_forward(a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron- induced fission n+238U96Sr+140Xe+3n , given m(96Sr)=95.921750uand m(140Xe)=139.92164 . This result is about 6 MeV greater than the result for spontaneous fission. Why? Confirm that the total number of nucleons and total charge are conserved in this reaction.arrow_forward
- Integrated Concepts One scheme to put nuclear weapons to nonmilitary use is to explode them underground in a geologically stable region and extract the geothermal energy for electricity production. There was a total yield of about 4,000 MT in the combined arsenals in 2006. If 1.00 MT per day could be converted to electricity with an ef?ciency of 10.0%: (a) What would the average electrical power output be? (b) How many years would the arsenal last at this rate?arrow_forward1 Radioactive decay Consider a chain of radioactive decays 1-2-3, where nuclei of type 3 are stable. We assume that we begin with No atoms of the parents at t= 0 and no atoms of the decay products are originally present. The decays constants are represented by A₁, A2. a) Compute N₁ (t) b) Compute N₂(1) c) Compute N₁ (1) d) Compute N₁ (t) + N₂(t) + Na(t) and interpret. e) Plot N₁ (t), N₂(t), and N₁(e) approximately and interpret them at small t and tooarrow_forwardQUESTION 9 Indicate whether each of the following is characteristic of nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, or both. a) Neutrons bombard a nucleus. b) Nuclear process occurring in the sun. c) A large nucleus splits into smaller nuclei. d) Small nuclei combine to form larger nuclei. e) Very high temperatures are required to initiate the reaction. f) Hydrogen nuclei are the reactants. g) Large amounts of energy are released when the reaction occurs.arrow_forward
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