Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 27, Problem 35Q
To determine
The discoveries about water on Mars from the missions carried out by the Mars Express orbiter and the Spirit and Opportunity rovers. Also, indicate whether they found any evidence that proves the existence of water on Mars in the recent past or not.
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Which of the following planetary traits is well established?
choose one of the following:
a) Mercury has a similar compositon to that of our moon, in that they both have a substantial metal content.
b) Venus rotates more rapidly than Earth, but in the opposite direction.
c) Earth's atmosphere exhibits a slightly stronger greenhouse effect than that seen on Venus.
d)Astronomers have precisely calculated the mass of Mercury thanks to artificial satellites sent from Earth.
Evidence exists that Mars may have had oceans 0.500 km deep in its early
history. We don't know what the atmospheric pressure on Mars was back then,
but some studies suggest it may have been as high as 50,000 Pa. What would
have been the highest pressure at the bottom of these oceans? Density of water
is 1000 kg/m³, gmars = 3.71 m/s².
Planetary scientists are hoping that the samples collected by the Perseverance Mars rover will eventually be collected by other robotic spacecraft and returned to Earth. Even if Perseverance could collect samples from all over Mars's surface, why wouldn't this tell us what the entire planet is made of?
Group of answer choices
The deep interior of Mars has had its composition altered (compared to the surface) by the impacts of asteroids that plunged almost all the way down to Mars's center.
Since Mars has a powerful magnetic field, it must have a liquid-iron portion of its core, and this material can't be collected by a rover on the surface.
Early in its history, Mars differentiated into layers of materials that had different densities, much like the Earth did.
Mars has such a low density that most of its interior must be made of liquid water and ice, so rocks from the surface simply won't be representative of the deep interior.
Chapter 27 Solutions
Universe
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Ch. 27 - Prob. 11CCCh. 27 - Prob. 12CCCh. 27 - Prob. 13CCCh. 27 - Prob. 14CCCh. 27 - Prob. 1CLCCh. 27 - Prob. 1QCh. 27 - Prob. 2QCh. 27 - Prob. 3QCh. 27 - Prob. 4QCh. 27 - Prob. 5QCh. 27 - Prob. 6QCh. 27 - Prob. 7QCh. 27 - Prob. 8QCh. 27 - Prob. 9QCh. 27 - Prob. 10QCh. 27 - Prob. 11QCh. 27 - Prob. 12QCh. 27 - Prob. 13QCh. 27 - Prob. 14QCh. 27 - Prob. 15QCh. 27 - Prob. 16QCh. 27 - Prob. 17QCh. 27 - Prob. 18QCh. 27 - Prob. 19QCh. 27 - Prob. 20QCh. 27 - Prob. 21QCh. 27 - Prob. 22QCh. 27 - Prob. 23QCh. 27 - Prob. 24QCh. 27 - Prob. 25QCh. 27 - Prob. 26QCh. 27 - Prob. 27QCh. 27 - Prob. 28QCh. 27 - Prob. 29QCh. 27 - Prob. 30QCh. 27 - Prob. 31QCh. 27 - Prob. 32QCh. 27 - Prob. 34QCh. 27 - Prob. 35Q
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- Explain the runaway refrigerator effect and the role it may have played in the evolution of Mars.arrow_forwardIf the Viking missions were such a rich source of information about Mars, why have we sent the Pathfinder, Global Surveyor, and other more recent spacecraft to Mars? Make a list of questions about Mars that still puzzle astronomers.arrow_forwardWhat evidence do we have that there was running (liquid) water on Mars in the past? What evidence is there for water coming out of the ground even today?arrow_forward
- The runaway greenhouse effect and its inverse, the runaway refrigerator effect, have led to harsh, uninhabitable conditions on Venus and Mars. Does the greenhouse effect always cause climate changes leading to loss of water and life? Give a reason for your answer.arrow_forwardDescribe the current atmosphere on Mars. What evidence suggests that it must have been different in the past?arrow_forwardOne source of information about Mars has been the analysis of meteorites from Mars. Since no samples from Mars have ever been returned to Earth from any of the missions we sent there, how do we know these meteorites are from Mars? What information have they revealed about Mars?arrow_forward
- Describe sources and sinks of CO2, if any, on Mars today.arrow_forwardPart of the "Mars Direct" mission plan involves rotating the spacecraft on its way to Mars to provide the astronauts with a simulation of Martian gravity. True False Due to the need to catch the correct launch window for the trip home, the total duration for a round trip to Mars will have to be at most 18 months at least 18 months at least 30 months at most 12 months at least 24 monthsarrow_forwardWhat is one of the Mars missions that is currently operating and write about the mission’s history, goals, and accomplishments to date.arrow_forward
- The average distance to Mars is 1.5 AU. If you send a command using radio waves (a form of light!) to a rover on the Mars surface, how long will you have to wait before you receive the response? Assume the probe responds immediately after it receives the command.arrow_forwardWhat are the advantages of using radar imaging rather than ordinary cameras to study the topography of Venus? What are the relative advantages of these two approaches to mapping Earth or Mars?arrow_forwardWe believe that all of the terrestrial planets had similar histories when it comes to impacts from space. Explain how this idea can be used to date the formation of the martian highlands, the martian basins, and the Tharsis volcanoes. How certain are the ages derived for these features (in other words, how do we check the ages we derive from this method)?arrow_forward
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