To review:
The importance of polar and nonpolar groups in the structures of lipids, proteins, and
Introduction:
Lipids are insoluble in water and mostly nonpolar in nature. These are of three basic types, namely: neutral lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. Nucleic acids are biomolecules formed by
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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- In the following diagram of a portion of a protein, label the types of interactions that are shown. What level of protein structure are these interactions producing? ____________________arrow_forwardList and describe four levels of protein structure and give examplesarrow_forwardHydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions play important roles in stabilizing and organizing biological macromolecules. Describe how hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions affect the form and function of proteins.arrow_forward
- Select all false statements regarding functional groups of importance in biological molecules. Amide functional groups provide polarity to the backbone of proteins. Ester functional groups provide linkage after the combination of functional groups in lipid monomers. Methyl functional groups added to proteins after translation decrease the polarity of the produced protein. Phosphate functional groups are extremely non-polar providing functionality to nucleic acid monomers in the cell. Match the definitions with the follow: A. Proteins B. Carbohydrates C. Nucleotides D. Lipids Intracellular signals providing connecting messages from external to internal cellular structures. Long distance signalling between cells. Store of quickly used energy for later use.…arrow_forwardProtein structures have several different levels of organization. In the space below indicate the type of molecular bonds that can contribute to each level of organization: primary- secondary- tertiary- quarternary-arrow_forwarda) Describe the structure of cholesterol and state the function in the cell membrane component. b) Describe the structure of a phospholipid and state its function in the cell membrane.arrow_forward
- A) Briefly describe the basic structure of phospholipids and explain how they can provide an effective barrier against the unregulated movement of molecules into or out of cells. B) Not all phospholipids are identical to one another. Describe two components (parts) of that can be altered to create variation between different phospholipids.arrow_forwardDescribe, identify, and DRAW the monomers (e.g. what is typically illustrated as a hexagon?) andpolymers of:a. Proteinsb. Carbohydratesc. Lipids Identify the type of chemical bonds that join the monomers of:a. Proteins (describe the structure and function of a polymer)b. Carbohydrates (describe the structure and function of a polymer)c. Lipids Identify the portions of the cell membrane (phospholipid bi-layer) that area. Hydrophobicb. Hydrophilicc. Polard. Non-polararrow_forwardExplain the protein structures and the interactions that form the three-dimensional structure in proteins.arrow_forward
- Describe the four levels of protein structure and what kind of forces create each level of structure?arrow_forwardA mutation leads to a change in amino acid from valine, an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, to aspartic acid, an amino acid with a polar, negatively-charged side chain. Do you think that the following levels of protein structure change? If so, how and why? If not, why not? Please frame your answer in terms of chemical bonds and interactions. (primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quartenary structure)arrow_forwardName and discuss the non covalent interactions that maintain protein structurearrow_forward
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