Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 38, Problem 106PQ
To determine
The minimum value of
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Chapter 38 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 38.1 - Light travels from air into glass. Which sketch in...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 38.2CECh. 38.3 - Prob. 38.3CECh. 38.6 - Prob. 38.4CECh. 38.7 - Prob. 38.5CECh. 38.9 - Prob. 38.6CECh. 38.9 - Prob. 38.7CECh. 38.10 - Prob. 38.8CECh. 38 - The Sun appears at an angle of 53.0 above the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 2PQ
Ch. 38 - Prob. 3PQCh. 38 - A light ray is incident on an interface between...Ch. 38 - Prob. 5PQCh. 38 - Prob. 6PQCh. 38 - Prob. 7PQCh. 38 - A ray of light enters a liquid from air. If the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 9PQCh. 38 - Figure P38.10 on the next page shows a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 11PQCh. 38 - Prob. 12PQCh. 38 - Prob. 13PQCh. 38 - Prob. 14PQCh. 38 - Prob. 15PQCh. 38 - A fish is 3.25 m below the surface of still water...Ch. 38 - N A fish is 3.25 m below the surface of still...Ch. 38 - A beam of monochromatic light within a fiber optic...Ch. 38 - Prob. 19PQCh. 38 - Prob. 20PQCh. 38 - Consider a light ray that enters a pane of glass...Ch. 38 - Prob. 22PQCh. 38 - Prob. 23PQCh. 38 - Prob. 24PQCh. 38 - Prob. 25PQCh. 38 - Prob. 26PQCh. 38 - Prob. 27PQCh. 38 - Prob. 28PQCh. 38 - The wavelength of light changes when it passes...Ch. 38 - Prob. 30PQCh. 38 - Light is incident on a prism as shown in Figure...Ch. 38 - Prob. 32PQCh. 38 - Prob. 33PQCh. 38 - Prob. 34PQCh. 38 - Prob. 35PQCh. 38 - Prob. 36PQCh. 38 - Prob. 37PQCh. 38 - A Lucite slab (n = 1.485) 5.00 cm in thickness...Ch. 38 - Prob. 39PQCh. 38 - Prob. 40PQCh. 38 - The end of a solid glass rod of refractive index...Ch. 38 - Prob. 42PQCh. 38 - Figure P38.43 shows a concave meniscus lens. If...Ch. 38 - Show that the magnification of a thin lens is...Ch. 38 - Prob. 45PQCh. 38 - Prob. 46PQCh. 38 - Prob. 47PQCh. 38 - The radius of curvature of the left-hand face of a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 49PQCh. 38 - Prob. 50PQCh. 38 - Prob. 51PQCh. 38 - Prob. 52PQCh. 38 - Prob. 53PQCh. 38 - Prob. 54PQCh. 38 - Prob. 55PQCh. 38 - Prob. 56PQCh. 38 - Prob. 57PQCh. 38 - Prob. 58PQCh. 38 - Prob. 59PQCh. 38 - Prob. 60PQCh. 38 - Prob. 61PQCh. 38 - Prob. 62PQCh. 38 - Prob. 63PQCh. 38 - Prob. 64PQCh. 38 - Prob. 65PQCh. 38 - Prob. 66PQCh. 38 - Prob. 67PQCh. 38 - Prob. 68PQCh. 38 - CASE STUDY Susan wears corrective lenses. The...Ch. 38 - A Fill in the missing entries in Table P38.70....Ch. 38 - Prob. 71PQCh. 38 - Prob. 72PQCh. 38 - Prob. 73PQCh. 38 - Prob. 74PQCh. 38 - An object 2.50 cm tall is 15.0 cm in front of a...Ch. 38 - Figure P38.76 shows an object placed a distance...Ch. 38 - Prob. 77PQCh. 38 - Prob. 78PQCh. 38 - Prob. 79PQCh. 38 - CASE STUDY A group of students is given two...Ch. 38 - A group of students is given two converging...Ch. 38 - Prob. 82PQCh. 38 - Two lenses are placed along the x axis, with a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 84PQCh. 38 - Prob. 85PQCh. 38 - Prob. 86PQCh. 38 - Prob. 87PQCh. 38 - Prob. 88PQCh. 38 - Prob. 89PQCh. 38 - Prob. 90PQCh. 38 - Prob. 91PQCh. 38 - Prob. 92PQCh. 38 - Prob. 93PQCh. 38 - Prob. 94PQCh. 38 - Prob. 95PQCh. 38 - Prob. 96PQCh. 38 - Prob. 97PQCh. 38 - A Fermats principle of least time for refraction....Ch. 38 - Prob. 99PQCh. 38 - Prob. 100PQCh. 38 - Prob. 101PQCh. 38 - Prob. 102PQCh. 38 - Prob. 103PQCh. 38 - Prob. 104PQCh. 38 - Curved glassair interfaces like those observed in...Ch. 38 - Prob. 106PQCh. 38 - Prob. 107PQCh. 38 - Prob. 108PQCh. 38 - Prob. 109PQCh. 38 - Prob. 110PQCh. 38 - Prob. 111PQCh. 38 - Prob. 112PQCh. 38 - Prob. 113PQCh. 38 - Prob. 114PQCh. 38 - The magnification of an upright image that is 34.0...Ch. 38 - Prob. 116PQCh. 38 - Prob. 117PQCh. 38 - Prob. 118PQCh. 38 - Prob. 119PQCh. 38 - Prob. 120PQCh. 38 - Prob. 121PQCh. 38 - Prob. 122PQCh. 38 - Prob. 123PQCh. 38 - Prob. 124PQCh. 38 - Prob. 125PQCh. 38 - Prob. 126PQCh. 38 - Light enters a prism of crown glass and refracts...Ch. 38 - Prob. 128PQCh. 38 - An object is placed a distance of 10.0 cm to the...
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- Light traveling in a medium of index of refraction n1 is incident on another medium having an index of refraction n2. Under which of the following conditions can total internal reflection occur at the interface of the two media? (a) The indices of refraction have the relation n2 n1. (b) The indices of refraction have the relation n1 n2. (c) Light travels slower in the second medium than in the first. (d) The angle of incidence is less than the critical angle. (e) The angle of incidence must equal the angle of refraction.arrow_forwardCurved glassair interfaces like those observed in an empty shot glass make it possible for total internal reflection to occur at the shot glasss internal surface. Consider a glass cylinder (n = 1.54) with an outer radius of 2.50 cm and an inner radius of 2.00 cm as shown in Figure P38.105. Find the minimum angle i such that there is total internal reflection at the inner surface of the shot glass. FIGURE P38.105 Problems 105 and 106.arrow_forwardConsider a light ray that enters a pane of glass with air on one side and water on the other side as shown in Figure P38.21. The light ray experiences refraction at the first interface when it enters the glass from the water and again at the second interface when it exits the glass into the air. Assume the index of refraction of the glass is 1.54. For a ray of light, find the angle of incidence 1 in the water such that the ray experiences total internal reflection when it strikes the glassair interface on the other side. FIGURE P38.21arrow_forward
- A light ray is incident on an interface between water (n = 1.333) and air (n = 1.0002926) from within the air. If the angle of incidence in the air is 30.0, what is the angle of the refracted ray in the water?arrow_forwarda)If the refractive index of glass is 1.55 and the refractive index of air is 1.0003, what is the critical angle for total internal reflection at the glass/air interface? b) If the refractive index of glass is 1.55 and the refractive index of the hydrated ion-selective film is 1.34, what is the critical angle for total internal reflection at the glass/film interface?arrow_forwardThe index of refraction of a glass rod is 1.48 at T = 20.0°C and varies linearly with temperature, with a coefficient of 2.50 x 10-5C⁰-1. The coefficient of linear expansion of the glass is 5.00 x 10-6C⁰-1. At 20.0 °C the length of the rod is 2.80 cm. A Michelson interferometer has this glass rod in one arm, and the rod is being heated so that its temperature increases at a rate of 5.00 C°/min. The light source has wavelength λ = 569 nm, and the rod initially is at T = 20.0°C. Part A How many fringes cross the field of view each minute? ΔΝ = Submit ΤΙ ΑΣΦ Request Answer < Return to Assignment Provide Feedback ? fringes/minutearrow_forward
- The index of refraction of the core of a piece of fiber optic cable is 1.72. If the index of the surrounding cladding is 1.41, what is the critical angle for total internal reflection for a light ray in the core incident on the core-cladding interface? a 55.1° b 44.0⁰ c 49.6° d 60.6°arrow_forwardA common trick in fiber optics is to send several colors of light down the same fiber (this is a form of what's called multiplexing). Each color of light can carry a separate signal, letting you squeeze more information into your beam. This, of course, leaves you with the problem of how to separate the colors back out once your beam gets to where its going. One way to do this involves total internal reflection.The index of refraction of glass isn't fixed; it's actually a function of frequency. Specifically, the index of the glass n and the angular frequency ω of the light are related by (see equation in image). Since different colors of light see different indices of refraction, different colors of light will see different critical angles.Suppose we have a beam with orange light (frequency ω=3.1e+15 rad/s and red light (frequency ω=2.9e+15 rad/s traveling through this glass. Eventually it's going to hit a glass-air boundary. At what angle of incidence θ should the light hit the…arrow_forwardA common trick in fiber optics is to send several colors of light down the same fiber (this is a form of what's called multiplexing). Each color of light can carry a separate signal, letting you squeeze more information into your beam. This, of course, leaves you with the problem of how to separate the colors back out once your beam gets to where its going. One way to do this involves total internal reflection.The index of refraction of glass isn't fixed; it's actually a function of frequency. Specifically, the index of the glass n and the angular frequency ω of the light are related by the equation below. Since different colors of light see different indices of refraction, different colors of light will see different critical angles.Suppose we have a beam with green light (frequency ω=3.7e+15 rad/s and red light (frequency ω=2.9e+15 rad/s traveling through this glass. Eventually, it's going to hit a glass-air boundary. At what angle of incidence θ should the light hit the boundary if…arrow_forward
- A ray of light is incident on an air/water interface. The ray makes an angle of theta= 33 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface. The index of the air is n1 = 1 while water is n2 = 1.33. Numerically, what is the angle in degree?arrow_forwardThe critical angle for total internal reflection at a liquid–air interface is 42.5 . (a) If a ray of light traveling in the liquid has an angle of incidence at the interface of 35.0 , what angle does the refracted ray in the air make with the normal? (b) If a ray of light traveling in air has an angle of incidence at the interface of 35.0 , what angle does the refracted ray in the liquid make with the normal?arrow_forwardIn Figure (a), a beam of light in material 1 is incident on a boundary at an angle of 28°. The extent to which the light is bent due to refraction depends, in part, on the index of refraction n2 of material 2. Figure (b) gives the angle of refraction 02 versus n2 for a range of possible n2 values, from na = 1.40 to np = 1.97. What is the speed of light in material 1? 38 28 28° 18° (a) (b) Number Units the tolerance is +/-5%arrow_forward
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