Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 2RE
Summary Introduction
To Determine:
If the given statement 'the sodium-potassium pump re-establishes the membrane to resting potential after it has reached the highest point of an action potential' is true or false should be determined.
Introduction:
An action potential can be defined as a quick rise and a subsequent decrease in voltage or membrane potential through a cellular membrane with a distinguishing pattern. Synapse is a junction present between the two neurons.
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At the peak of the action potential, Vm is approximately -65 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations (refer to the table),
(1) calculate the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions
and
(2) use the information obtained in part 1 to determine the direction in which K+ ions will flow (i.e., into the cell or out of cell)
At the peak of an action potential, would the relative permeability of Na be higher than K? Which ion would be the least permeable to the membrane during falling phase?
Describe the action potential in terms of the different functional states of the voltage- gated Na+ membrane channels (Note: there are three states)
Chapter 4 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.1 - Name the two types of excitable tissue.Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.1 - State the factor responsible for triggering gate...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Draw and label an action potential, indicating the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4CYU
Ch. 4.4 - Explain why synapses operate only in the direction...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.5 - Define target cell.Ch. 4.5 - Distinguish among the four types of extracellular...Ch. 4.5 - Outline the three general means by which binding...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 4.6 - Distinguish between cytokines and eicosanoids.Ch. 4.6 - Discuss the roles of phospholipase A2,...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 4 - Conformational changes in channel proteins brought...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RECh. 4 - Prob. 3RECh. 4 - Prob. 4RECh. 4 - Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about...Ch. 4 - Each steroidogenic organ has all the enzymes...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RECh. 4 - Prob. 8RECh. 4 - Prob. 9RECh. 4 - Prob. 10RECh. 4 - Prob. 11RECh. 4 - Prob. 12RECh. 4 - Prob. 13RECh. 4 - A common membrane-bound intermediary between the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15RECh. 4 - Prob. 16RECh. 4 - Prob. 17RECh. 4 - Prob. 18RECh. 4 - Define the following terms: polarization,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2UCCh. 4 - Prob. 3UCCh. 4 - Prob. 4UCCh. 4 - Compare the four kinds of gated channels in terms...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6UCCh. 4 - Prob. 7UCCh. 4 - Prob. 8UCCh. 4 - Prob. 9UCCh. 4 - Define signal transduction.Ch. 4 - Compare the tyrosine kinase and JAK/STAT pathways.Ch. 4 - Prob. 12UCCh. 4 - Prob. 13UCCh. 4 - Describe how arachidonic acid is converted into...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15UCCh. 4 - Prob. 16UCCh. 4 - Explain how the cascading effect of hormonal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18UCCh. 4 - Answer the following questions regarding...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2SQECh. 4 - Prob. 3SQECh. 4 - Prob. 1ACRCh. 4 - The rate at which the Na+K+ pump operates is not...Ch. 4 - Which of the following would occur if a neuron...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3TAHLCh. 4 - Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TAHL
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardDraw and label an action potential, indicating the ion movements responsible for the rising phase and the falling phase.arrow_forwardDefine an action potential.arrow_forward
- The accelerating flow of _______ ions through gated channels across the membrane triggers an action potential. a. potassium b. sodium c. hydrogen d. a and barrow_forwardA True OUTSIDE CELL This cell is at rest. False INSIDE CELL C D T Earrow_forwardThe rising phase of the action potential is the direct result of the: O inflow of potassium O inflow of sodium O inflow of sodium and potassium O outflow of sodium O outflow of sodium and potassiumarrow_forward
- Draw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion channels in generating the different phases of the action potential. (Extra credit: How would opening voltage gated calcium channels upon depolarization affect the shape of the action potential if they have a relatively slow inactivation rate?)arrow_forwardWhat degree of action potential in which the membrane potential moves from its maximum degree of depolarization toward the value of resting membrane potential?arrow_forwardDescribe the contribution of each of the following to the establishment and maintenance of membrane potential: Part A Na+K+ Pump Passive movement of K+ across the membrane Passive movement of Na+ across the membrane Part B Resting membrane potential is approximately -70mV. Explain what resting membrane potential is and what -70mV refers to.arrow_forward
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