1. (a)
Elaborate the meaning of the term cost as used for financial reporting in conformity with GAAP and also explain the different characteristics of the terms and their connections and other dissimilar items.
1. (b)
Elaborate the meaning of the term expense as used for financial reporting in conformity with GAAP and also explain the different characteristics of the terms and their connections and other dissimilar items.
1. (c)
Elaborate the meaning of the term loss as used for financial reporting in conformity with GAAP and also explain the different characteristics of the terms and their connections and other dissimilar items.
2.
Categorize each of the following items as a cost, expense, loss, or other category, and also elaborate the manner in which the classification of each item may change.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 5 Solutions
Intermediate Accounting: Reporting And Analysis
- An important task ¡n the audit of the revenue cycle is determining whether a client has appropriately recognized revenue. a. What is the five-step process that companies should use in recognizing revenue? Why might the auditor need to do additional research and consider additional criteria on revenue recognition? b. The following are situations in which the auditor will make decisions about the amount of revenue to be recognized. For each of the following scenarios, labeled (1) through (6): . Identify the key issues to address in determining whether or not revenue should he recognized. . Identify additional information the auditor may want to gather in making a decision on revenue recognition. . Based only on the information presented, develop a rationale for either the recognition or nonrecognition of revenue. 1. AOL sells software that is unique as a provider of Internet services. The software contract includes a service fee of $19.95 for up to 500 hours of Internet service each month. The minimum requirement is a one-year contract. The company proposes to immediately recognize 30% of the first-year’s contract as revenue from the sale of software and 70% as Internet services on a monthly basis as fees are collected from the customer. 2. Modis Manufacturing builds specialty packaging machinery for other manufacturers. All of the products are high end and range in sales price from $5 million to $25 million. A major customer is rebuilding one of its factories and has ordered three machines with total revenue for Modis of $45 million. The contracted date to complete the production was November, and the company met the contract dare. The customer acknowledges the contract and confirms the amount. However, because the factory is not yet complete, it has asked Modis to hold the products in the ware house as a courtesy until its building is complete. 3. Standish Stoneware has developed a new low-end line of baking products that will be sold directly to consumers and to low-end discount retailers. The company had previously sold high-end silverware products to specialty stores and has a track record of returned items for the high-end stores. The new products tend to have more defects, but the defects are not necessarily recognizable ¡n production. For example, they are more likely to crack when first used in baking. The company does not have a history of returns from these products, but because the products are new, it grants each customer the right to return the merchandise for a full refund or replacement within one year of purchase. 4. Omer Technologies is a high-growth company that sells electronic products to the custom copying business. It is an industry with high innovation, but Omer’s technology is basic. In order to achieve growth, management has empowered the sales staff to make special deals to increase sales in the fourth quarter of the year. The sales deals include a price break and an increased salesperson commission but not an extension of either the product warranty or the customer’s right to return the product. 5. Electric City is a new company that has the exclusive right to a new technology that saves municipalities a substantial amount of energy for large-scale lighting purposes (e.g., for ball fields, parking lots, and shop ping centers). The technology has been shown to be very cost effective in Europe. In order to get new customers to try the product, the sales force allows customers to try the product for up to six months to prove the amount of energy savings they will realize. The company is so confident that customers will buy the product that it allows this pilot-testing period. Revenue is recognized at the time the product is installed at the customer location, with a small provision made for potential returns. 6. Jackson Products decided to quit manufacturing a line of its products and outsourced the production. However, much of its manufacturing equipment could be used by other companies. In addition, it had over $5 million of new manufacturing equipment on order in a noncancelable deal. The company decided to become a sales representative to sell the new equipment ordered and its existing equipment. All of the sales were recorded as revenue.arrow_forwardPresented below are a number of facts related to Weller, Inc. Assume that no mention of these facts was made in the financial statements and the related notes. Instructions Assume that you are the auditor of Weller, Inc. and that you have been asked to explain the appropriate accounting and related disclosure necessary for each of these items. a. The company decided that, for the sake of conciseness, only net income should be reported on the income statement. Details as to revenues, cost of goods sold, and expenses were omitted. b. Equipment purchases of $170,000 were partly financed during the year through the issuance of a $110,000 notes payable. The company offset the equipment against the notes payable and reported plant assets at $60,000. c. Weller has reported its ending inventory at $2,100,000 in the financial statements. No other information related to inventories is presented in the financial statements and related notes.arrow_forwardWhich documents would an auditor most likely choose to examine closely to ascertain that all expenditures incurred during the accounting period have been recorded as a liability?a. invoices b. purchase orders c. purchase requisitions d. receiving reportsarrow_forward
- The preliminary judgement about materiality is the ______________ amount by which the auditor believes the statements could be misstated and still not affect the economic decisions of users. The missing word in this sentence is: a. Average b. Minimum c. Maximum d. Medianarrow_forwardWhich of the following accounts would most likely be audited in connection with a related balance-sheet account?a. Property Tax Expense.b. Payroll Expense.c. Research and Development.d. Legal Expense.arrow_forwardAudit Procedures for Marketing and Advertising Expenses Auditing marketing and advertising expenses is crucial to ensure that financial statements accurately reflect the company's expenditures and comply with accounting standards. Here are comprehensive steps involved in auditing marketing and advertising expenses: 1. Understanding Company Policies: Obtain a clear understanding of the company's policies and procedures regarding the recognition and classification of marketing and advertising expenses. Review internal documentation, such as expense policies and manuals, to understand the criteria for capitalization and expensing. 2. Segregation of Expenses: Ensure proper segregation of marketing and advertising expenses from other operational costs in the general ledger. Confirm that there is a distinct account or accounts dedicated to these expenses for accurate financial reporting. 3. Expense Authorization and Approval: Review the authorization process…arrow_forward
- Typical accounting tasks include all of the following tasks except ________. A. auditing B. recording and tracking costs C. tax compliance and planning D. consulting E. purchasing direct materialsarrow_forwardProfessional guidance indicates that the auditor should consider revenue recognition to be high risk in planning an audit of a company’s financial statements. a. Identify the activities that affect the revenue cycle. b. Identify the financial statement accounts typically associated with the revenue cycle.arrow_forwardThe revenue recognition principle and the expense recognition principle require that the company recognize related revenue and expense transactions in the same accounting period. Discuss why this matching concept is important and explain how the financial information would be misleading if the accountant did not follow these rules. Provide examples in your discussion to demonstrate your point(s).arrow_forward
- The auditor considers materiality from the point of ___________ a. Overall financial information and individual account balance b. Overall financial information c. Past experiences d. individual account balancearrow_forwardA misstatement in the financial statements can be considered material if knowledge of themisstatement will affect a decision of A. an accountant. B. the PCAOB. C. the SEC. D. a reasonable user of the financial statementsarrow_forwardwhich of the following application would an auditor apply to determine the probability of a corporation's account balance being in error? A) overinvolvement rations B) probability rules C) bayes theorem D) emprical formulaarrow_forward
- Intermediate Accounting: Reporting And AnalysisAccountingISBN:9781337788281Author:James M. Wahlen, Jefferson P. Jones, Donald PagachPublisher:Cengage LearningAuditing: A Risk Based-Approach (MindTap Course L...AccountingISBN:9781337619455Author:Karla M Johnstone, Audrey A. Gramling, Larry E. RittenbergPublisher:Cengage LearningPkg Acc Infor Systems MS VISIO CDFinanceISBN:9781133935940Author:Ulric J. GelinasPublisher:CENGAGE L
- Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Q...AccountingISBN:9781305080577Author:Karla M Johnstone, Audrey A. Gramling, Larry E. RittenbergPublisher:South-Western College PubPrinciples of Accounting Volume 1AccountingISBN:9781947172685Author:OpenStaxPublisher:OpenStax College