Program Explanation Given information: The system of differential equations is shown below. x ' = [ 2 5 0 2 ] x The initial condition for the above differential system is shown below. x ( 0 ) = [ 4 7 ] Explanation: The coefficient matrix for the system of differential equations is written as, A = [ 2 5 0 2 ] Express the matrix coefficient A as the sum of a nilpotent matrix and a multiple of the identity matrix as, A = [ 2 5 0 2 ] = [ 2 0 0 2 ] + [ 0 5 0 0 ] = D + B Here, D is a diagonal matrix and diagonal matrix is commutative with any same order square matrix. It is known that for any commutative matrices D and B the following formula holds. e D + B = e D e B Therefore, the value of e A t is calculated as shown below. e A t = e ( D + B ) t = e D t + B t = e D t e B t Further diagonal matrix D , the exponent of D is a diagonal matrix that has an exponential of each diagonal element of D . e A t = [ e 2 t 0 0 e 2 t ] e B t = [ e 2 t 0 0 e 2 t ] ( I + B t + B 2 t 2 2 ! + B 3 t 3 3 ! + ⋯ + B n t n n ! + ⋯ ) As the square of matrix B is zero matrix, therefore matrix B is nilpotent B n = 0 for n ≥ 2

Differential Equations: Computing and Modeling (5th Edition), Edwards, Penney & Calvis

5th Edition

ISBN: 9780321816252

Author: C. Henry Edwards, David E. Penney, David Calvis

Publisher: PEARSON

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Chapter 5.6, Problem 25P

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Program Description: Purpose of the problem is to solve the initial value problem by the use of sum of a nilpotent matrix and a multiple of the identity matrix.

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Chapter 5.6, Problem 24P

Chapter 5.6, Problem 26P

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Chapter 5 Solutions

Differential Equations: Computing and Modeling (5th Edition), Edwards, Penney & Calvis

Ch. 5.1 - Let A=[2347] and B=[3451]. Find (a) 2A+3B; (b)...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 5.1 - Find AB and BA given A=[203415] and B=[137032].Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 5P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 6P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 8P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 10P

Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 11P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 12P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 13P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 14P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 15P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 16P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 17P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 18P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 19P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 20P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 21P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 22P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 23P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 24P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 25P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 26P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 27P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 28P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 29P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 30P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 31P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 32P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 33P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 34P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 35P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 36P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 37P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 38P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 39P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 40P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 41P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 42P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 43P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 44P Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 45P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 1P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 6P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 8P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 10P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 11P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 12P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 13P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 14P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 15P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 16P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 17P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 18P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 19P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 20P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 21P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 22P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 23P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 24P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 25P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 26P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 27P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 28P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 29P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 30P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 31P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 32P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 33P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 34P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 35P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 36P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 37P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 38P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 39P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 40P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 41P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 42P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 43P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 44P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 45P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 46P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 47P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 48P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 49P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 50P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 10P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 11P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 12P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 13P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 14P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 15P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 16P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 17P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 18P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 19P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 20P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 21P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 22P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 23P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 24P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 25P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 26P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 27P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 28P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 29P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 30P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 31P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 32P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 33P Ch. 5.3 - Verify Eq. (53) by substituting the expressions...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 35P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 36P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 37P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 38P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 39P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 40P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 1P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 3P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 5P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 10P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 11P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 12P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 13P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 14P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 15P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 16P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 17P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 18P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 19P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 20P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 21P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 22P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 23P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 24P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 25P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 26P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 27P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 28P Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 29P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 3P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 5P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 6P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 8P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 10P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 11P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 12P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 13P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 14P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 15P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 16P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 17P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 18P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 19P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 20P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 21P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 22P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 23P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 24P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 25P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 26P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 27P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 28P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 29P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 30P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 31P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 32P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 33P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 34P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 35P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 36P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 1P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 2P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 3P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 5P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 6P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 8P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 10P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 11P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 12P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 13P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 14P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 15P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 16P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 17P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 18P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 19P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 20P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 21P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 22P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 23P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 24P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 25P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 26P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 27P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 28P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 29P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 30P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 31P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 32P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 33P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 34P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 35P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 36P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 37P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 38P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 39P Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 40P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 1P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 2P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 3P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 5P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 6P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 8P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 10P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 11P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 12P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 13P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 14P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 15P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 16P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 17P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 18P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 19P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 20P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 21P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 22P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 23P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 24P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 25P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 26P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 27P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 28P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 29P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 30P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 31P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 32P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 33P Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 34P

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Program Description: Purpose of the problem is to solve the initial value problem by the use of sum of a nilpotent matrix and a multiple of the identity matrix.

Solution Summary: The author explains how to solve the initial value problem by the use of sum of a nilpotent matrix and multiple of the identity matrix.

Program Description: Purpose of the problem is to solve the initial value problem by the use of sum of a nilpotent matrix and a multiple of the identity matrix.

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Chapter 5 Solutions