Concept explainers
The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a representation of thalidomide, a drug that causes birth defects when taken by expectant mothers hut ¡s valuable for its use against leprosy. The lines indicate only the connections between atoms,not whether the bonds are single, double, or triple.
(a) What is the formula of thalidomide?
(b) Indicate the positions of the multiple bonds in thalidomide.
(c) What is the geometry around each carbon?
(d) What is the hybridization of each carbon?
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CHEMISTRY-TEXT
- 3-78 Nitrous oxide, N20, laughing gas, is a colorless, nontoxic, tasteless, and odorless gas. It is used as an inhalation anesthetic in dental and other surgeries. Because nitrous oxide is soluble in vegetable oils (fats), it is used commercially as a propellant in whipped toppings Nitrous oxide dissolves in fats. The gas is added under pressure to cans of whipped topping. When the valve is opened, the gas expands, thus expanding (whipping) the topping and forcing it out of the can. (a) How many valence electrons are present in a molecule of N20? (b) Write two equivalent contributing structures for this molecule. The connectivity in nitrous oxide is NNO. (c) Explain why the following is not an acceptable contributing structure:arrow_forward3-119 Perchloroethylene, which is a liquid at room temperature, is one of the most widely used solvents for commercial dry cleaning. It is sold for this purpose under several trade names, including Perciene®. Does this molecule have polar bonds? Is it a polar molecule? Does it have a dipole?arrow_forward2-98 Explain how the ionization energy of atoms changes when proceeding down a group of the Periodic Table and explain why this change occurs.arrow_forward
- 3-48 Potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate are used as potassium dietary supplements. Write the formula of each compound.arrow_forward3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven diatomic elements. (a) Draw Lewis structures for each of these diatomic elements. (b) Which diatomic elements are gases at room temperature? Which are liquids? Which are solids?arrow_forward3-109 Until several years ago, the two chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) most widely used as heat transfer media in refrigeration systems were Freon-li (trichloro fluoromethane, CC13F) and Freon-12 (dichiorodi fluoromethane, CCl2F2). Draw a three-dimensional representation of each molecule and indicate the Direction of it.s polarity.arrow_forward
- 3. Using electronegativity difference, indicate the type of bond between the following atoms: (a) Li-Cl(b) C-Br(c) F-Cl(d) Br-Brarrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) The name of a binary ionic compound consists of the name of the positive ion followed by the name of the negative ion. (b) In naming binary ionic compounds, it is necessary to state the number of each ion present in the compound. (c) The formula of aluminum oxide is Al2 O3 . (d) Both copper(II) oxide and cupric oxide are acceptable names for CuO. (e) The systematic name for Fe2 O3 is iron(II) oxide. (f) The systematic name for FeCO3 is iron carbonate. (g) The systematic name for NaH2PO4 is sodium di- hydrogen phosphate. (h) The systematic name for K2HPO4 is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. (i) The systematic name for Na2O is sodium oxide. (j) The systematic name for PCl3 is potassium chloride. (k) The formula of ammonium carbonate is NH4CO3. 39. (a) A covalent bond is formed between two atoms whose difference in electronegativity is less than 1.9. (b) If the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero (they have identical electronegativ- ities),…arrow_forwardAn element X reacts with oxygen to form XO2 and with chlorineto form XCl4. XO2 is a white solid that melts at high temperatures(above 1000 °C). Under usual conditions, XCl4 is acolorless liquid with a boiling point of 58 °C. (a) XCl4 reactswith water to form XO2 and another product. What is thelikely identity of the other product? (b) Do you think thatelement X is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?arrow_forward
- An element X reacts with oxygen to form XO2 and with chlorineto form XCl4. XO2 is a white solid that melts at high temperatures(above 1000 °C). Under usual conditions, XCl4 is acolorless liquid with a boiling point of 58 °C. (a) XCl4 reactswith water to form XO2 and another product. What is thelikely identity of the other product? (b) Do you think thatelement X is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? (c) By using asourcebook such as the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,try to determine the identity of element X.arrow_forwardPredict whether the following compounds are ionic or molecular:(a) KI, the compound used as a source of iodine in table salt(b) H2O2, the bleach and disinfectant hydrogen peroxide(c) CHCl3, the anesthetic chloroform(d) Li2CO3, a source of lithium in antidepressantsarrow_forward2. Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following ions or molecules. Give the number of electrons in each species. Remember to enclose ions in square brackets with the charge as a superscript outside the right bracket. (a) Br 20 (c) BrF 3 (e) PCI 4* (b) IOF 3 (I is the central atom) (d) ASF 3arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning