Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259660269
Author: Sylvia S. Mader, Dr., Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8.4, Problem 14A
Which of the following statements is true?
a. The gene product of a proto-oncogene inhibits the cell cycle.
b. Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of oncogenes that cause cancer.
c. When mutated tumor suppressor genes lose their function, cancer may result
d. When tumor suppressor genes mutate, they become oncogenes.
e. All of these are correct.
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Which of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer?
a.Oncogenes do not have mutations that increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis.
b.Oncogenes produce molecules that inhibit mitosis.
c.They are genes that transform tumor cells into normal cells.
d.The mutations in oncogenes increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis, leading to irregular cell division.
The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Several years later, researchers showed that both p53 alleles are inactivated in some mouse cancers. This evidence suggests
A. the p53 gene is an oncogene because inactivated alleles would produce mutated signal transduction proteins that would result in stimulating cell division.
B. the p53 gene is an oncogene because the cell would overproduce transcription factors to compensate for the inactive alleles, resulting in increased cell division.
C. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because inactivated alleles indicate a loss of protein function which allowed the cancer to develop
D. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because the cell would produce too few transcription factors for gene activation, resulting in decreased cell division.
Which of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?
A. Both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes prevent the spread of cancer by targeting and destroying existing cancer cells.
B. A person who has both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes will always develop cancer.
C. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division of damaged cells.
D. When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a tumor suppressor gene.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 8.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 8.1 - Prob. 1ACh. 8.1 - Prob. 2ACh. 8.2 - Summarize the activities that occur in the cell...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 8.2 - Compare and contrast what is occurring during each...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 8.2 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3ACh. 8.2 - Prob. 4ACh. 8.2 - Prob. 5ACh. 8.2 - Prob. 6ACh. 8.2 - Label the phases of the cell cycle on the...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8ACh. 8.2 - Prob. 9ACh. 8.2 - Prob. 10ACh. 8.2 - Prob. 11ACh. 8.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 8.3 - Explain how signals are used for cell cycle...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 8.3 - Prob. 12ACh. 8.3 - Prob. 13ACh. 8.4 - Distinguish between proto—oncogenes and tumor...Ch. 8.4 - 2. Explain the role of telomerase in stem cells...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 8.4 - Prob. 4LOCh. 8.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 8.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 8.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 8.4 - Which of the following statements is true? a. The...Ch. 8.4 - 15. Which of the following is not a tumor...Ch. 8.5 - Describe the characteristics of cancer cellsCh. 8.5 - 2. Summarize the types of treatment for cancer
Ch. 8.5 - 3. Describe the factors that reduce the risk of...Ch. 8.5 - 1. List the general characteristics of a cancer...Ch. 8.5 - 2. Summarize the ways that cancer may be...Ch. 8.5 - Explain how lifestyle choices may reduce the risk...Ch. 8.5 - 16. Which of the following is not a feature of...Ch. 8.5 - 17. Which of these is a behavior that could help...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1BYBCh. 8 - Prob. 2BYBCh. 8 - Prob. 3BYBCh. 8 - Prob. S3.2BYBCh. 8 - Section 4.4 What are the roles of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. S4.5BYBCh. 8 - Prob. 1TCCh. 8 - Prob. 2TCCh. 8 - Prob. 3TC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- With regard to cancer cells, which of the following are true? A. Cancer cells are clonal, meaning that they are derived from many different cells that all underwent the same clonal mutation. Cells usually accumulate many mutations over time, and this results in cancerous growth. B. Almost all cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses. no Benign tumors are dangerous because they can easily invade surrounding tissue and spread to other locations in the body. DE. Cancer cells are unable to control their division.arrow_forwardMost forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single tumor-suppressor gene.c. the activation of multiple oncogenes.d. the activation of multiple oncogenes and the inactivation ofmultiple tumor-suppressor genes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following steps are correct about multistep tumorigenesis (select all that apply)? A. Mutations in progenitor cells are more likely to develop a neoplastic state compared to mutations in stem cells B. Driver mutations give a cell clone a proliferative advanage C. The rate of mutation /genetic change is constant during tumor progression D. Nutrition/diet may effect rate of tumorigenesis E. All cells within a tumor are biologically equivalent and equally capable of high levels proliferationarrow_forward
- A tumor suppressor gene regulates the cell cycle; an example is . Select one: a. positively, p21 b. negatively, cyclin c. positively, retinoblastoma d. negatively, retinoblastoma e. positively, RAS Cycle HW due Jump to. 4) Next pa cancer stem cellsarrow_forwardWith regard to cancer cells, which of the following statementsare true?A. Cancer cells are clonal, which means they are derived from asingle mutant cell.B. To become cancerous, cells usually accumulate multiplegenetic changes that eventually result in uncontrolledgrowth.C. Most cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses.D. Cancer cells have lost the ability to properly regulate celldivision.arrow_forwardWhich of the following associated with cancer development would you expect to be tumor promoters and not genotoxic carcinogens (select all that apply)? A. Excessive alcohol consumption that kills liver cells B. Bisphenol A which mimics the activity of estrogen C. Chemical in pesticides that binds and activates a transcription factor that cause activation of NFkB D. Chemical in cigarette smoke that forms adduct with DNA E. A viral infection that causes ulcerative coilitis of GI tractarrow_forward
- Which of the following types of mutations would be advantageous to a cancer cell (select all that apply)? A. An inactivating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene B. Methylation of the promoter of a tumor suppressor gene C. An inactivating mutation in an oncogene D. Mutation that inactivated DNA repair gene E. An inactivating mutation in an oncogenearrow_forwardCancer Cells need A.I.R in order to survive and proliferate. What does this stand for? a. Activation of TSG's; Inactivation of oncogene; Replenishing of Telomeres b. Absorption of oncogenes; Inactivation of TRK's; Replenishing of Telomeres c. Activation of oncogenes; Inactivation of TGF's; Replenishing of Telomeres d. Activation of oncogene; Inactivation of TSG's; Replenishing of Telomeresarrow_forwardWhich of the following is typical of cancer cells? A. The parent cell of the tumor contains a single mutation in a single checkpoint gene. B. Malignant cells migrate. C. Cancer cells lose the ability to divide. D. Products of oncogenes inhibit mitosis E. Benign tumors invade normal tissue.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about cancer is correct? A. Cancer stem cells can make tumors resistant to chemotherapy. B. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity makes it easier to treat cancer. C. Mutation in p53 is a type of passenger mutation. D. One driver mutation is more than sufficient for the production of a cancer phenotype.arrow_forwardTumor Suppressor Genes are often called as gatekeepers because: a. They signify their involvement in governing the dynamics of cell proliferation b. They allow tumors to proliferate at an uncontrolled rate c. To allow a transport channel of suppressors d. They are not referred to as ?gatekeepers?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct about cytoplasmic signaling in cancer cells? Multiple answers. A. Only minor modifications of cell control machinery are required for normal cells to become highly proliferating cancer cells B. Immediate early genes are induced in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors C. Many immediate -early genes are oncogenes D. Delayed early genes are highly expressed in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors E. Delayed early genes are highly expressed in normal cells in the absence of growth factorsarrow_forward
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