Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134078779
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 3.8P
To determine
Short run and long run cost
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Suppose a firm in a perfectly competitive industry develops a manufacturing innovation that lower its variable cost of production.
What are the short run impacts of this innovation on both the firm and the industry? Please include a graph to illustrate the short run impacts.
What are the long run impacts on both the firm and industry? Please include a graph to illustrate the long run impacts.
The graph below shows the marginal cost (MC), average variable cost (AVC), and average total cost (ATC) curves for a firm in a
competitive market. These curves imply a short-run supply curve that has two distinct parts. One part, not shown, lies along the vertical
axis (quantity-0); this represents a condition of production shutdown. Where is the other part? Use the straight-line tool to drawit.
To refer to the graphing tutorial for this question type, please click here
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Suppose a firm in a perfectly competitive industry develops a manufacturing innovation that lower its variable cost of production. Use words and graphs to explain the short run impacts of this innovation on both the firm and the industry.
Use words and graphs to explain the long run impacts on both the firm and industry.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
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- 3.8 On the following graph for a purely competitive industry, Scale 1 represents the short-run production for a repre- sentative firm. Explain what is currently happening with firms in this industry in the short run and what will likely happen in the long run. Dollars ($) Scale 1 SRAC SRMC LRAC 9 P* = 4 P* = d = MR %3D 5,000 Units of output, Qarrow_forwardCould you explain what is the long run and short run of a firm in a marketarrow_forwardThe accompanying graph depicts the cost curves of an individual firm in a perfectly (or purely) competitive industry.arrow_forward
- A perfectly competitive firm is currently maximizing profits. The market for its product is in a long-run equilibrium. Market demand for the product decreases. Briefly explain what happens in the market by describing what will happen to this firm’s production (and most importantly why) as a result of that change. Describe what will happen and why to the firm’s costs and profits as the firm makes its choices. Emphasize why each type of individual cost does or does not change as the firm changes its level of production.arrow_forwardA market in perfect competition is in long-run equilibrium. What happens to the market if labor unions are able to increase wages for workers? Include a detailed set of graphs showing both the market and firm long run equilibration in reaction to the change.arrow_forwardExplain how the Average Total Cost curve is derived for a competitive firm in the long-run. Also, explain what is economies of scale.arrow_forward
- (1) Use the graph to answer the question below. The quantity is measured in thousands of units. What will this firm decide to do in the long run? A-It will stay in the market because the price is above its AVC at its profit-maximizing output. B-It will leave the market because the price is below its ATC at its profit-maximizing output. C-It will increase its price to point B to earn normal profit. D-It will increase its output until its profit-maximizing output level is equal to B. E-Insufficient data to determine. (2) A dairy farmer is operating in a perfectly competitive market. The market price for milk is between the farmer's average variable cost and average total cost at the profit-maximizing level of output. What will the farmer do? A-Produce more milk. B-Produce less milk. C-Shut down in the short run. D-Operate in the short run and leave the industry in the long run. E-Insufficient information to determine (3) A firm operating in a perfectly competitive market cannot…arrow_forwardThe long-run supply curve indifferent cost industries The following graph shows the market for milk. Initially, the market is in a long-run equilibrium. Suppose that a change in tastes resulted in a leftward shift in demand. On the following graph, shift the demand or supply curve to reflect this change in tastes. Then use the grey point (star symbol) to indicate the new short-run equilibrium. Note: Select and drag one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther. *INSERT PICTURE* In the short run, firms will___. In the long run, the supply curve will____. On the previous graph, show the shift in the supply curve and then use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the resulting new long-run equilibrium. Comparing the two long-run equilibria on the graph, you can see that the milk market is an example of_____.…arrow_forwardWhat is the short run Supply Curve for a competitive firm?arrow_forward
- The following graph shows the demand curve, as well as the AVC, ATC and MC curves of a company selling rolled oats in a perfectly competitive market. Use the graph to answer the questions. The goal of the company is to maximize its profit. How many boxes of rolled oats should it sell to attain this goal? What price will it charge? How much profit does this firm make per month? Will this company produce or shut down in the short run? Why? Will this firm exit the market for rolled oats in the long run or not? Why?arrow_forwardThe table below shows the short-run cost data of a perfectly competitive firm that produces plastic camera cases. Assume that output can only be increased in batches of 100 units. Quantity 0 It must fall. 100 200 300 400 500 600 It must rise to offset the increased cost. Total Cost Variable Cost (dollars) (dollars) $1,000 $0 1,360 360 1,560 560 1,960 2,760 4,000 5,800 Suppose the fixed cost of production rises by $500 and the price per unit is still $8. What happens to the firm's profit-maximizing output level? The firm will shut down. O It will remain the same. 960 1,760 3,000 4,800arrow_forwardRelated to the Economics in Practice on page 195: If firms have long-run average cost curves with a long, flat section, larger firms have a cost advantage over smaller firms. the optimal number of firms in the industry is one. their long run supply curves are downward sloping. it is impossible to predict the size of the firm.arrow_forward
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