Copuious research has been organized regarding leadership theories and styles. “The current leadership body of knowledge is a fragmented and “messy landscape” comprising inputs from a variety of contributors including academics, practitioners, and consultants, with numerous self-proclaimed experts and commentators thrown in for good measure.” (Latham, 2014, p.12). Contingent to this week’s assignment I will include four leadership theories, including the founder, the year the theory was introduced, and the key components of the theory. Also, I will include the Leadership Theory Taxonomy in the Apenidx area.
Leadership Theories Notably, theories assist researchers in explaining why or how organizations excel above their competitors. “People
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(p.19). Eqaually, Northouse (2016) continues to define great man theory as a trait that only great people possess. (p.19). Commonly referred to as someone who was born to lead, great man theory orginally was sex biased and was intentionally defining the male gender. “The term “great man” was used because, at the time, leadership was though of primarily as a male quality, especially in terms of military leadership.” (Cherry, 2016). Additionally, the theorist that created this theory was Thomas Carlyle. “Historian Thomas Carlyle also had a major influence on this theory of leadership, at one point out stating that, “The history of the world is but the biography of great men.” (Malos, 2012, …show more content…
Skinner’s theory of behavior modification. Malos (2012) states, “Behavioral theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made not born.” (p.417). Skinner created the bevioral theory based on positive and negative reinforcement. Consequently, there are two leadership theories that fall under behavioral theories include; transformational leadership and transactional leadership. Northouse (2016) states, “In 1996, House published a reformulated path-goal theory that extends his original work to include eight classes of leadership behaviors.” (p.120). In 1984, Kets de Vries and Miller expanded the behavioral theory which would include both the psychiatric and psychological insights into the behavioral theory in order to, “create a new framework for analysis of organizations proposing that the neuroses of a top-leader can be re-created throughout organizations.” (Northouse, 2016,
Leadership has been researched extensively but yet scholars are yet to find or compile an exact definition. As (Kent, Todd, 2004) explain there have been many efforts in defining leadership and several ideas have been compiled yet there is still a distinct discrepancy amongst scholars. Author Chelladurai breaks down leadership into three elements: "(1) leadership is a behavior process, (2) leadership is interpersonal in nature, and (3) leadership is aimed at influencing and motivating members toward group goals" (pg. 160). These are the ways he focuses leaderships and their intentions towards leading. Kent and Todd further discuss the importance of leadership and its distinct aspect to society and organizations, and that future successes are largely dependent upon it (2004). Another area in the domain of leadership styles is when (Zorn & Violanti 1993) define leadership as "patterns of behaviors, assumptions, attitudes, or traits exhibited by individuals in attempting to provide leadership" (pg. 70). Additionally we further examine (Bloom, Vallée, 2005; Chelladurai, 1990; Chelladurai & Seleh 1978; Zhang et. al. 1997) in which "they break down the different styles of leadership into five categories, autocratic, democratic, positive feedback, social support and training and instruction. They
The course, Leadership Theory, highlights the most important aspects of this phenomenon making a stress on the ability to recognize one’s personal traits, strengths and weaknesses, but more importantly, the ways of working them out. In addition, it enables a student not only to learn about the leadership styles peculiarities and skills required, but to research, develop, and practice them. Due to numerous professionally planned activities and case studies the course encourages a high leap of growth on the way of becoming or enhancing a person’s leadership qualities on the administrative, interpersonal, and conceptual levels.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage Publications.
Amanchukwu, R. N., Stanley, G. J., & Ololube, N. P. (2015). A review of leadership theories,
“Some of the traits central to the lists of almost all the researchers studying trait leadership over the years are intelligence, drive, integrity, and sociability” (Khan, 2013, p.831). While, past research has not proven trait theory to be all that accounts for good leadership, recent research has made trait theory relevant again (Khan, 2013, p.832). Robbins (2009) states that research efforts to find a set of universal leadership traits failed. Behavioral theory is different from trait theory in many ways. “Behavioral theories support the idea that individuals can be trained to be leaders” (Satterlee, 2013, p.105). The manner in which a person reacts in a situation with others is what behavioral theorists looked at. Behaviors are not set in stone, behaviors can be modified meaning that leaders can be made. Both theories try to explain what makes one person over another a success leader.
These leadership theories are grouped in trait theories, behavioral theories, contingency theories, and power and influence theories. Trait theories focus on the traits and skills that successful leaders must have. Initially, these theories state that these skills are innate, but research shows that individuals can also develop such skills and become leaders. Behavioral theories focus on other issues, like the behavior of leaders within their teams, in relationship with stakeholders, and within society. In accordance with these theories, these are several leadership styles, like autocratic or authoritarian, democratic, participative, laissez faire, and other styles. These theories state that the behavior of leaders significantly influences their and their teams' performance.
The focus of this chapter is understanding theories of leadership and leadership styles. Van Wart (2008) provides a framework for discussing such theories. The framework asks: What performance goals tend to be achieved with what leader styles, under what conditions? Additionally, for each theory the following aspects are briefly discussed: what is the background of the theory and what have researches tried to explain? Which contingency factors does the theory emphasize? Which style or styles does the theory emphasize? What type of performance goals does the theory emphasize? What are the strengths and weakness of the theory or approach? (Van Wart, 2008). Throughout this chapter Van Wart (2008) identifies nine overall styles that have been recommended
Merriam Webster has many definitions for the term theory. For example, Merriam Webster (2017), defines the term a,” abstract thought or a belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action (Merriam-Webster, 2017). There are many different leadership theories ranging from many decades to the present. Everyone can relate to a specific or multiple leadership traits. I relate to the transformational leadership theory. James McGregor Burns a leadership expert introduced the idea of transformational leadership in his 1978 book “Leadership”. In the book, Burns described transformational leadership as a development where "leaders and their followers raise one another to higher levels of
Even now, 20 years later, there is still confusion over the differences between management and leadership. There are several leadership theories, most of which are applicable to differing environments and situations. The purpose of this paper
Hayward (2005) pointed out that the studies on leadership have been ongoing as far back as early 1900. This is prompted by the fact that man has always sought to answer what is it about a leader that distinguishes him or her from another leader, what it is about an individual that makes him or her a leader, why do some leaders fail and why do some other leaders excel etc. In attempt to provide answers to these questions, several leadership theories and approaches has been established. It is for this reason that the review of related literature for this study is based on the following subheadings:
Leadership is a state of being a leader/head of a group of people, organization, and/or country. Ken Blanchard state that "As leader, we hold the lives of others in our hands, and these need to be gentle, caring and always available to provide support" (pg.2). Every leader has different styles or different ways of leading his people to achieve their common goal. This paper will talk about leadership theory and will compare and contract each theory from the each other.
Great man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent – that great leaders are born, not made. These theories often portray great leaders as heroic, mythic and destined to rise to leadership when needed. The term "Great Man" was used because, at the time, leadership was thought of primarily as a male quality, especially in terms of military leadership.
This paper will focus on leadership styles Contingency Model, Douglas McGregor’s Theory X, and Theory Y and Robert Houses Leaderships based on traits and Path-Goal Leadership Theory. These theories focus on the qualities distinguished between leaders and employees, while other leadership theories looked at aspects like situations and skills. If you ask multiple people, their definition of what a leader is you will get multiple answers. Leadership is an action, being able to collaborate with others and surrounding yourself with people who have the mentality to do what is right. Leadership often means that you will deal with uncertainty and will have to make decisions hoping that other people will follow. A successful leader has a clear
The Great Man theory was established in the 1840s, one of the very early leadership theory. The founder of it was Thomas Carlye, who was a writer and a teacher.
There are so many leadership theories has been explained from ages, here some theories, are commonly categorised by which aspect is believed to define the leader the most widespread one’s are: