2B. Calculate the total number of ATP that will be generated from the complete B-oxidation of oncobic acid (CH:(CH,).CH=CH(CH;);COOH; 15:1 cis-A9) in an organism that has all the standard required enzymes for metabolism but which pumps only 2 H" in complex I, 0 H' in complex II, 2 H* in complex III and 4 H' in complex IV. The F,F, ATPase is composed of 3 a/ß subunits and 10 c subunits. Show all of your calculations. OH
Q: 21. The figure below illustrates two pathways of respiratory reactions in man. Pathway A: Giucose -…
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 4. Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is INCORRECT? A. It is a cyclic…
A: Metabolic pathways are a series of process which includes chemical reactions occurring in a cell.…
Q: (i) Describe B-oxidation steps for an even chain saturated fatty acid. (ii) How many molecules of…
A: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one…
Q: 1. What molecule are released in the formation of alpha- ketoglutarate into succinyl CoA? A. fad -…
A: TCA cycle occurs in mitochondrial matrix. TCA cycle occurs in the presence of oxygen. TCA cycle…
Q: 2. Below is an image of the NADH cofactor, labeled A. (a) What role does this cofactor play, and…
A: NADH is vital in to metabolism and especially to the reactions that occur during release of energy…
Q: 7B Which step in this process is an anaplerotic reaction? 7C Circle the steps in the gluconeogenesis…
A: The process by which the lactate in liver is converted into glucose is called as lactic acid pathway…
Q: Sketch out the schematic diagram for the enzymatic mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex…
A: Metabolism includes biosynthesis/ reduction (an anabolic process) and oxidation…
Q: what conformational state is stabilized by y in atp synthase? why might achieving this state require…
A: ATP synthase ATP synthase (Adenosine Triphosphate synthase) is an enzyme located in the inner…
Q: 3. Why is PFK an ideal control point to regulate glycolysis? (select ALL that apply) A. It’s a…
A: PhosphoFructo Kinase (PFK) converts Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate via utilizing…
Q: 2. (a) List the number of NADH and FADH2 equivalents formed and the corresponding number of ATP…
A: The fatty acid with 14 C is called myristic acid. Beta oxidation involves the sequential removal of…
Q: Create a metabolic pathway map that includes "the 4 Gs": glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen…
A: Glycolysis is The process by which glucose is converted into pyruvate. Gluconeogenesis is the…
Q: 19. The activation of long chain fatty acids requires which of the following components? B. ATP and…
A: Fatty acids are a long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They can be either saturated or…
Q: What is the effect of arsenate poisoning on glycolysis. 2. Give an account of the total ATP yield…
A: Arsenate is a compound having arsenic ion. Glycolysis is respond for breaking down of glucose into…
Q: 3. In the electron transport chain, cytochrome c reduces (BLANK) while in the catalytic site of…
A: "Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first two question for you. If you want…
Q: 3. The nicotinamide coenzymes (see Fig. 13-24) can undergo reversible redox reactions with specific…
A: Nicotinamide coenzymes are used in the oxidation-reduction reactions in biological systems. The…
Q: 20) Determine the number of ATPS generated from complete oxidation of a) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate…
A: Central metabolic pathways include glycolysis and TCA cycle. Carbohydrates are catabolized through…
Q: ATP levels are high in the liver, NADPH levels are low, but fat biosynthesis needs to happen. What…
A: The pentose phosphate pathway is also known as the hexose-mono-phosphate shunt pathway. It occurs in…
Q: Describe how the reaction catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase is required based on the substrate…
A: In the process of glycolysis, the oxidation of the 2 molecules of glyceraldehydes 3 phosphate…
Q: Calculate the total amount of ATP that is produced by the complete oxidation of a 20 carbon…
A: Lipids are large biomolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen just like carbohydrates but in…
Q: 4. Indicate what will happen (increase/decrease/no effect) to the rate of metabolic pathway…
A: m- decrease Reason- Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDC) helps in conversion of Pyruvate(product of…
Q: Explain the Chemiosmotic theory with regard to ATP generation in oxidative phosphorylation.
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 10. What is the energy yield in ATP molecules associated with cach of the following: a. Glucose > 2…
A: Hi! Thank you for the question, as per the honor code, we are allowed to answer the first…
Q: 1. With the prevalence in food of peeled cereals or bread made from high-grade flour,…
A: Coenzyme is a molecule that binds to active site of a certain enzyme to help in catalysis of…
Q: draw 3 allosteric enzyme curves for glycogen synthesis in the presence of high AMP, high NADH, and…
A: An allosteric enzyme is one that comprises a very small region that helps them in adapting to…
Q: 2. 'a) List the number of NADH and FADH2 equivalents formed and the corresponding number or ATP…
A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…
Q: Consider the beta oxidation of stearic acid (C18:0): How many ATP are generated in complete…
A: Stearic acid has 18 C so 8 cycles are involved in its beta oxidation, One cycle yield 1 FADH2 and 1…
Q: 3. One indication of the relative importance of various ATP-producing pathways is the Vmax of…
A: Pheasant pectoral muscles are clearly anaerobic, as expected from a bird highly trained for…
Q: 2. Describe the role of each cofactor involved in the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate…
A: Introduction: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to…
Q: 11. Chambers and coworkers have reported [NAD*] and [NADH] concentrations in yeast mitochondria as…
A: As the cell's primary energy-producing metabolic pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle provides most…
Q: 3. A recently discovered mutant yeast has a shorter glycolytic pathway, and with a new enzyme that…
A: Glycolysis process happens through several steps and during these steps, ATP molecules are produced.
Q: 16. Describe how each of the following compounds participate in energy metabolism. a) Pyruvic acid…
A: The cellular respiration involves breakdown of glucose and production of energy in the form of ATP…
Q: 25. The following graph illustrates the consumption of oxygen in a mitochondrial preparation. Draw,…
A: Since we are entitled to answer first three subparts of the question, we’ll answer the part a-c as…
Q: Fill in the blanks below (input numbers only!) about the metabolism of hexanoic acid, a fatty acid…
A: Most fatty acids are degraded by the sequential removal of two-carbon fragments from the carboxyl…
Q: 4. The diagram below illustrates time dependent O₂ uptake by isolated skeletal muscle mito- chondria…
A: The activation of the electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondria and is involved in…
Q: Yeast yields ethanol from pyruvate in two steps. Step one requires the co-enzyme __ , which is…
A: In alcoholic fermentation that occurs in yeast and several bacterial species, pyruvate is converted…
Q: III. Match the item to each step in the Krebs Cycle. f. oxaloacetate g. sulfur h. aketoglutarate i.…
A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: i. a liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle* ii. a skeletal muscle cell lacking…
A: There are two types of respiration depending on the availability of oxygen. The presence of oxygen…
Q: 1) Sketch out the schematic diagram for the enzymatic mechanism of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate…
A: The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate…
Q: QUESTI Supposed you want to use phosphoglucomutase to breakdown glycogen. You found out that this…
A: The enzymes can be classified into various categories based on their functions.
Q: 1. Under aerobic catabolism of glucose, in which compartment of the eukaryotic cell does the…
A: Note: We are authorized to answer one question at a time since you have not mentioned which question…
Q: Calculate the energy(Kcal.) produced from full oxidation of (3) mole of glucose (glucose --> CO2+…
A: The removal of electrons is called oxidation, and the gain of electrons is called reduction. In the…
Q: he following strain of cells lack one enzyme in metabolic pathway. Which of the following strain can…
A: The metabolism of glucose begins with catabolic pathway called glycolysis.where 6 carbon sugars are…
Q: Helping tags: ATP counting, Biology, chemistry, biochemistry, biomolecules, metabolic pathways,…
A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we'll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…
Q: 9. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde in the liver cytoplasm by _____.
A: Oxidation of ethanol produces acetaldehyde it occurs in the liver cytoplasm. Acetaldehyde is…
Q: During vigorous exercise, a buffer system consisting of lactic acid and sodium lactate is produced…
A: Given Values: pKa of lactic acid = 4.76 The concentration of lactic acid in muscle cells = 1.5 μM…
Q: (i) Describe the structure of SOD1. (ii) Describe the active site of this enzyme clearly indicating…
A: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) Superoxide dismutase is the enzyme that is responsible for the conversion…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy charge. a. Would hexokinase be an R enzyme or a U enzyme? Would glutamine: PRPP amidotransferase, the second enzyme in purine biosynthesis, be an R enzyme or a U enzyme? b. If energy charge = 0.5: Is the activity of hexokinase high or low? Is ribose-5-P pyrophosphokinase activity high or low? c. If energy charge = 0.95: Is the activity of hexokinase high or low? Is ribose-5-P pyrophosphokinase activity high or low?17. Omeprazole is a bioprecursor prodrug that is activated by protonation to give active metabolite that inhibits H¨,K*-ATPase covalently. By using chemical equations show activation of Omeprazole and its reaction to inhibit the H*,K*-ATPase. CH3 H3CO. s=0 H3C HNN Omeprazole OCH3 18. The following compound is an open-chain prodrug of benzodiazepines which undergo N- dealkylation to triazolam. Using chemical equations show transformation of this prodrug to triazolam. H3C H3C CH3 CH3 triazolam open-chain prodrug of triazolam11. Refer to the figure below. нн Н `NH2 NH2 N' N- 2e-+H* R NAD+ NADH NAD+ functions as a coenzyme in many enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The changes that take place in this coenzyme are the same for all of these reactions and are illustrated in the figure. It is likely that, in these reactions, NAD+ functions as an electron acceptor (reducing agent) in redox reactions. functions as an electron donor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. functions as a base in acid-base catalytic mechanisms. functions as an electron donor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. functions as an electron acceptor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. +Z-
- What is the catalytic efficiency of Catalase ? Table. The values of KM and kcat for some Enzymes and Substrates Enzyme Carbonic anhydrase Substrate CO2 HCO3 KM (M) 1.2 x 10-2 2.6 x 10-2 Kcat (s-1) 1.0 x 106 4.0 x 105 Catalase H2O2 2.5 x 10-2 1.0 x 107 Urease Urea 2.5 x 10-2 4.0 x 105 O A. 4 x 108 M-s-1 O B. 4 x 108 M-1.s-1 OC25x 10-9 M-s1 D. 2.5 x 102 M-1.s-1 OE 1.0 x 107 s16F. What conformational state is stabilized by y in ATP synthase? Why might achieving this state require energy input from the PMF?The degradation of CH3 (CH₂ )10 - COOH via the beta-oxidation pathway requires: 6FAD + 6NAD+ + 5C0A-SH + 6H₂O 5FAD + 5NAD+ + 6C0A-SH+ 5H₂O 5FAD + 5NAD + 5C0A-SH + 5H₂0 6FAD + 6NAD+ + 6C0A-SH + 6H₂O
- 1. Identify the oxidized coenzyme (letter abbreviation only) that participates in this reaction of the Kreb’s cycle. Succinate --> Fumarate 2. How many mol of NADH can be obtained upon the beta oxidation of stearic acid? 3. How many mol of ATP can be obtained upon the complete oxidation of 1 mol stearic acid? 4. How many steps in glycolysis in which ATO is converted to ADP?10. Consider the beta oxidation of stearic acid (C18:0): How many ATP are generated in complete oxidation of stearic acid? How many NADH are generated in complete oxidation of stearic acid? How many FADH2 are generated in complete oxidation of stearic acid?2. Please, determine the answers of these multiple choices, they’re in a,b,c’s. A) The role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation (cellular breathing) is: -To be the last electron acceptor in the electron transfer chain -To hydrolyse carbohydrates - To add hydrogen ions to pyruvic acid at the end of glycolysis -To provide electrons for NADP reduction -To provide hydrogen ions B) Which molecule has the most potential energy? -glucose -phosphate -fructose 1-6 diphosphate -ethanol -I'ATP C) What is the product of fermentation in yeasts? -carbonic acid -oxygen -ATP -lactic acid -ethanol
- 1 Give the systematic names and the first three digits in the E.C. classifications of the enzymes catalysing the following reactions: (Note: it should be possible to deduce the classification and make a reasonable attempt at the systematic name from the information given in Chapter 1.) (a) R.CO.CH,CH,.Ñ(CH,); + H,0 = R.cO + HOCH,CH,.Ň(CH,)3 acyl choline acid anion choline (b) H,N.ÇOPO + H;N(CH,),.CH.Co, = H,N.C.NH(CH2)3.C CH.CO, +P, * NH3 * NH3 L-ornithine carbamoyl phosphate citrulline H (c) ATP + H,N.CHCO, + H,Ñ.CHCO, H,N.CH.CN.CHCO, + ADP + P, CH3 CH3 H,C Ö CH; D-alanine D-alanine D-alanyl-alanine ÇH,OH (d) Ç=0 + NADH + H* = ÇHOH + NAD ČH,OH glycerol ČH2OH dihydroxyacetone (e) СНОН 2 C=0 + CHOH СНОН CH,OH CH,OPO; ČHOH D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate CH,OPO? dihydroxyacetone-phosphate D-frucrose-1,6-bisphosphate (f) NADH + 2 ferricytochrome b, = NAD* +2 ferrocytochrome bs (g) UDP-galactose 2 UDP-glucose (glucose and galactose are aldohexoses differing in configuration at C4)A7. Consider what can be concluded about the catalytic site (substrate binding site) of phosphatase and the binding site of NaF from the type of inhibition shown by NaF for phosphatase and illustrate it schematically. The inhibition typre is pure noncompetitive inhibition.The following diagram shows reaction curves for aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) with carbamoylphosphate and different concentrations of aspartate, in the absence of ATP (curve 1) and presence of ATP (curve 2). What do the shapes of the curves tell us about the ATCase enzyme? 2 جر [aspartate] It binds substrate through a sequential mechanism. It binds substte cooperatively. It obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It binds substrate through a concerted mechanism.