Effect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firm’s economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.22 (pages 60–61) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) Exhibit 1.22 also shows the ratio of cash flow from operations to capital expenditures. A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large enough for the firm to disclose it. Amounts that are not meaningful are shown as n.m. A list of the 12 companies and a brief description of their activities follow.
- A. Amazon.com: Operates websites to sell a wide variety of products online. The firm operated at a net loss in all years prior to that reported in Exhibit 1.22.
- B. Carnival Corporation: Owns and operates cruise ships.
- C. Cisco Systems: Manufactures and sells computer networking and communications products.
- D. Citigroup: Offers a wide range of financial services in the commercial banking, insurance, and securities business. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees.
- E. eBay: Operates an online trading platform for buyers to purchase and sellers to sell a variety of goods. The firm has grown in part by acquiring other companies to enhance or support its online trading platform.
- F. Goldman Sachs: Offers brokerage and investment banking services. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees.
- G. Johnson & Johnson: Develops, manufactures, and sells pharmaceutical products, medical equipment, and branded over-the-counter consumer personal care products.
- H. Kellogg’s: Manufactures and distributes cereal and other food products. The firm acquired other branded food companies in recent years.
- I. MGM Mirage: Owns and operates hotels, casinos, and golf courses.
- J. Molson Coors: Manufactures and distributes beer. Molson Coors has made minority ownership investments in other beer manufacturers in recent years.
- K. Verizon: Maintains a telecommunications network and offers telecommunications services. Operating expenses represent the compensation of employees. Verizon has made minority investments in other cellular and wireless providers.
- L. Yum! Brands: Operates chains of name-brand restaurants, including Taco Bell, KFC, and Pizza Hut.
REQUIRED
Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.22 with the firms listed above.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation
- Effect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations: A Global Perspective. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.24 (pages 6667) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large for the firm to disclose it. A list of the 12 companies, the country of their headquarters, and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Accor (France): Worlds largest hotel group, operating hotels under the names of Sofitel, Novotel, Motel 6, and others. Accor has grown in recent years by acquiring established hotel chains. B. Carrefour (France): Operates grocery supermarkets and hypermarkets in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. C. Deutsche Telekom (Germany): Europes largest provider of wired and wireless telecommunication services. The telecommunications industry has experienced increased deregulation in recent years. D. E.ON AG (Germany): One of the major public utility companies in Europe and the worlds largest privately owned energy service provider. E. Fortis (Netherlands): Offers insurance and banking services. Operating revenues include insurance premiums received, investment income, and interest revenue on loans. Operating expenses include amounts actually paid or amounts it expects to pay in the future on insurance coverage outstanding during the year. F. Interpublic Group (U.S.): Creates advertising copy for clients. Interpublic purchases advertising time and space from various media and sells it to clients. Operating revenues represent the commissions or fees earned for creating advertising copy and selling media time and space. Operating expenses include employee compensation. G. Marks Spencer (U.K.): Operates department stores in England and other retail stores in Europe and the United States. Offers its own credit card for customers purchases. H. Nestl (Switzerland): Worlds largest food processor, offering prepared foods, coffees, milk-based products, and mineral waters. I. Roche Holding (Switzerland): Creates, manufactures, and distributes a wide variety of prescription drugs. J. Sumitomo Metal (Japan): Manufacturer and seller of steel sheets and plates and other construction materials. K. Sun Microsystems (U.S.): Designs, manufactures, and sells workstations and servers used to maintain integrated computer networks. Sun outsources the manufacture of many of its computer components. L. Toyota Motor (Japan): Manufactures automobiles and offers financing services to its customers. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.24 with the firms listed above.arrow_forwardEffect of Industry Characteristics on Financial Statement Relations. Effective financial statement analysis requires an understanding of a firms economic characteristics. The relations between various financial statement items provide evidence of many of these economic characteristics. Exhibit 1.23 (pages 6263) presents common-size condensed balance sheets and income statements for 12 firms in different industries. These common-size balance sheets and income statements express various items as a percentage of operating revenues. (That is, the statement divides all amounts by operating revenues for the year.) Exhibit 1.23 also shows the ratio of cash flow from operations to capital expenditures. A dash for a particular financial statement item does not necessarily mean the amount is zero. It merely indicates that the amount is not sufficiently large for the firm to disclose it. A list of the 12 companies and a brief description of their activities follow. A. Abercrombie Fitch: Sells retail apparel primarily through stores to the fashionconscious young adult and has established itself as a trendy, popular player in the specialty retailing apparel industry. B. Allstate Insurance: Sells property and casualty insurance, primarily on buildings and automobiles. Operating revenues include insurance premiums from customers and revenues earned from investments made with cash received from customers before Allstate pays customers claims. Operating expenses include amounts actually paid or expected to be paid in the future on insurance coverage outstanding during the year. C. Best Buy: Operates a chain of retail stores selling consumer electronic and entertainment equipment at competitively low prices. D. E. I. du Pont de Nemours: Manufactures chemical and electronics products. E. Hewlett-Packard: Develops, manufactures, and sells computer hardware. The firm outsources manufacturing of many of its computer components. F. HSBC Finance: Lends money to consumers for periods ranging from several months to several years. Operating expenses include provisions for estimated uncollectible loans (bad debts expense). G. Kelly Services: Provides temporary office services to businesses and other firms. Operating revenues represent amounts billed to customers for temporary help services, and operating expenses include amounts paid to the temporary help employees of Kelly. H. McDonalds: Operates fast-food restaurants worldwide. A large percentage of McDonalds restaurants are owned and operated by franchisees. McDonalds frequently owns the restaurant buildings of franchisees and leases them to franchisees under long-term leases. I. Merck: A leading research-driven pharmaceutical products and services company. Merck discovers, develops, manufactures, and markets a broad range of products to improve human and animal health directly and through its joint ventures. J. Omnicom Group: Creates advertising copy for clients and is the largest marketing services firm in the world. Omnicom purchases advertising time and space from various media and sells it to clients. Operating revenues represent commissions and fees earned by creating advertising copy and selling media time and space. Operating expenses includes employee compensation. K. Pacific Gas Electric: Generates and sells power to customers in the western United States. L. Procter Gamble: Manufactures and markets a broad line of branded consumer products. REQUIRED Use the ratios to match the companies in Exhibit 1.23 with the firms listed above.arrow_forwardIndustry benchmarks can be drawn from quantitative financial ratio information calculated from individual firms. All of the following are key financial ratios that can help establish benchmarks except: Group of answer choices D. Funds from operations/total assets A. EBITDA C. Long-term debt/capital B. Operating income/salesarrow_forward
- See Image for Information Compute the following performance indices for both companies: Profit margin Asset turnover Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Current ratio Debt equity ratio Compare and analyse the performance of the two companies computed in (1) above and explain what the board of Box Limited needs to do to achieve their objective . c. Which other non-financial measures can influence the decision of the board of Box Limited?arrow_forwardWhat does the below financial statement tell you about Nealon, Inc? This analysis uses accounting reports for an understanding of a company’s current economic condition and project into the future. A financial analysis allows management and owners to plan, correct and proceed properly for the best success. Review and analyze the following Financial Statement using horizontal analysis and ratios. Please be as descriptive as possible.arrow_forward1. Which of the following scenarios are the most appropriate applications of financial ratio analysis? I. Direct comparison of profitability between two companies which apply divergent accounting policies. II. Comparison of liquidity between two domestic financial institutions which apply consistent accounting policies. III. Direct comparison of profitability of a company before and after implementation of new accounting standards. IV. Trend analysis of financial ratios of a company across time periods.arrow_forward
- Which statement best describes a financial ratio and financial ratio analysis? A financial ratio simply represents a relationship between 2 or more pieces of financial information; there is one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysis A financial ratio simply represents a relationship between 2 or more pieces of financial information; there is NOT one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysis A financial ratio simply represents a market estimate of a certain aspect of a firm's financial position and the industry's benchmark; there is one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysis A financial ratio simply represents a market estimate of a certain aspect of a firm's financial position and the industry's benchmark; there is NOT one absolute, standard list of ratios that applies to all financial analysisarrow_forwardThe background on a company, Its Industry, and the economy is usually Included in which section of a financial statement analysis repon Multiple Cholce Executive summary. Factor analysis. Inferences. Analysis overview. Evidential conclusions.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most useful in analyzing companies of different sizes? a.comparative statements b.common-sized financial statements c.price-level accounting d.audit reportarrow_forward
- Most investors and analysts in the financial community pay particular attention to a company's ROE. The ROE can be calculated simply by dividing a firm's net income by the firm's shareholder's equity, and it can be subdivided into the key factors that drive the ROE. Investors and analysts focus on these drivers to develop a clearer picture of what is happening within a company. An analyst gathered the following data and calculated the various terms of the DuPont equation for three companies: Company A Company B Company C ROE 12.0% 15.5% 21.5% Profit Margin 57.3% 58.2% 58.0% X Total Assets Turnover X Equity Multiplier 9.8 10.2 10.3 2.14 2.61 3.60 Referring to these data, which of the following conclusions will be true about the companies' ROES? O The main driver of Company A's inferior ROE, as compared with that of Company B's and Company C's ROE, is its use of higher debt financing. O The main driver of Company C's superior ROE, as compared with that of Company A's and Company B's ROE,…arrow_forwardProfitability ratios: measure the amount of debt the firm uses. measure how effectively a firm is managing its assets. show the relationship of a firms cash and other current assets to its current liabilities. show the combined effects of all areas of the firm on operating results.arrow_forwardRatio Analysis is the process of identifying the financial strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise by logically establishing relationship between the items of Balance Sheet or Income Statement or both and interpreting the results there of in order to derive meaningful conclusions. In view of the requirement of various users (e.g., Short-term Creditors, Long-term Creditors, Management & Investors) of the ratios, one may classify ratios into the following four groups: a) Liquidity Ratios b) Solvency Ratios c) Activity Ratios d) Profitability Ratios You are required to pick any two from the aforementioned groups and discuss the various ratios calculated under these along with the purpose or objective of calculation of the individual ratios you are alluding to.arrow_forward
- Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis...FinanceISBN:9781285190907Author:James M. Wahlen, Stephen P. Baginski, Mark BradshawPublisher:Cengage Learning