Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393663556
Author: Joel Karty
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.51P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The formal charge on each atom in the given species is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The formal charge on an atom in a molecule or a polyatomic ion is determined from the group number of the atom and its actual valence electrons. The valence electrons are assigned on the basis of electrons shared in a covalent bond and lone pairs. If an atom bears one or more lone pairs, both the electrons in each lone pair are assigned to the atom which bears them. Each atom in a covalent bond is assigned with half of the shared electrons.
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Draw the Lewis structures for the following four molecules, being sure to show all steps following the methods covered in class. Structures without work shown will be marked incorrect. Also, one of these molecules has resonance structures – for this compound, make sure to include all resonance structures, indicate formal charges for each atom.
SO2
OF2
IF3
NH4+
Explaine why, in Part I, the formal charge is equal to the number of valence electrons.
Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
minus
The formal charge on each atom is the number of valence electrons
the number of
plus
lone pair electrons and
the number of bonding electrons. The formal charge is equal to
the number of valence electrons because there are
bonds.
one-half
two times
no
multiple
TROVIEW Topics]
(References
Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic
compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs.
Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom.
Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas.
The number of unshared pairs at atom a is
The number of unshared pairs at atom b is
The number of unshared pairs at atom c is
The number of unshared pairs at atom a is
The number of unshared pairs at atom b is
The number of unshared pairs at atom e is
Retry Uintire Group
more group atempte remaining
Bubmit Answer
[References)
unsnared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic
compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs.
Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs…
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.4PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.5PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.7PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.8PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.9PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.10P
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.11PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.13PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.14PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.15PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.16PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.17PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.18PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.19PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.20PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.21PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.22PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.23PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.24PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.25PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.26PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.27PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.28PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.29PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.30PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.31PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.32PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.33PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.34PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.35PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.36PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.37PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.38PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.39PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.40PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.41PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.42PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.43PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.44PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.45PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.46PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.47PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.48PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.49PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.50PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.51PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.52PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.53PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.54PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.55PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.56PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.57PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.58PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.59PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.60PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.61PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.62PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.63PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.64PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.65PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.66PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.67PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.68PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.69PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.70PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.71PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.72PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.73PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.74PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.75PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.76PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.77PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.78PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.79PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.80PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.81PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.82PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.1YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.4YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.5YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.7YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.8YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.9YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.10YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.11YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.12YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.13YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.14YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.15YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.16YTCh. 1 - Prob. 1.17YT
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- the formal charges on all the atoms in the following Lewis diagrams. Which one would best represent bonding in the molecule Cl2O ?arrow_forwardTwo possible Lewis diagrams for sulfine (H2CSO) are (a) Compute the formal charges on all atoms. (b) Draw a Lewis diagram for which all the atoms in sulfine have formal charges of zero.arrow_forwardWhat is the formal charge on each atom indicated in the following structure?arrow_forward
- Indicate the formal charge on each atom in the following structure. Show calculations.arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structures for the following four molecules, being sure to show all steps following the methods covered in class. Structures without work shown will be marked incorrect. Also, one of these molecules has resonance structures – for this compound, make sure to include all resonance structures, indicate formal charges for each atom. SO2 OF2 IF3 NH4+ Consider a molecule where the central atom has one lone pair of electrons and is double-bonded to two other atoms (of a different element). Draw a general diagram of the molecule. Is this molecule likely a polar or nonpolar molecule? Briefly explain your reasoning, using words and the diagram.arrow_forwardDraw a valid Lewis dot structure and determine the VSEPR molecular geometry for each central atom for each of the following. When appropriate, draw all applicable resonance structures. For species in which formal charges are not all zero, determine the nonzero formal charges on the relevant atoms.arrow_forward
- Determine the formal charge for the indicated atoms in the following species or compounds below.arrow_forwardCalculate the formal charge on each of the atoms in the Lewis structure given. Be sure to answer all parts. H: N: O (of OH): O: Nitrous acidarrow_forwardWhat is the formal charge on the O atom in each of the following species that contains a multiple bond to O?arrow_forward
- Calculate the formal charge for each atom that is not carbon or hydrogen in the following molecules.arrow_forwardFor each of the structures shown below, identify the formal charge of any atoms that are not neutral. USE IMAGE AS REFERENCEarrow_forwardCalculate the formal charge on each of the atoms in the Lewis structure given. Be sure to answer all parts. Oxygen: Sulfur: Left chlorine: Right chlorine: :CI-S-CI: Thionyl chloridearrow_forward
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