In order to rotate the polarization axis of a beam of linearly polarized light by 90.00, a student places sheets P1 and P, with their transmission axes at 45.0° 90.0°, respectively, to the beam’s axis of polarization. (a) What fraction of the incident light passes through P1 and(b) through the combination? (C) Repeat your calculations for part (b) for transmission-axis angles of 30.00 and
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 1 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
College Physics
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
Tutorials in Introductory Physics
College Physics (10th Edition)
- Unpolarized light in vacuum is incident onto a sheet of glass with index of refraction n. The reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other. Find the angle of incidence. This angle is called Brewsters angle or the polarizing angle. In this situation, the reflected light is linearly polarized, with its electric field restricted to be perpendicular to the plane containing the rays and the normal.arrow_forwardIn Figure (a) below, unpolarized light is sent into a system of three polarizing sheets.The angles 0₁, 02, and 83 of the polarizing directions are measured counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y axis (they are not drawn to scale). Angles 0₁ and 83 are fixed, but angle 82 can be varied. Figure (b) gives the intensity of the light emerging from sheet 3 as a function of 0₂. (The scale of the intensity axis is not indicated.) What percentage of the light's initial intensity is transmitted by the three-sheet system when 82 = 92⁰? Number Units 60° (b) 120° 180-arrow_forwardIn Figure (a) below, unpolarized light is sent into a system of three polarizing sheets. The angles 01, 02, and 03 of the polarizing directions are measured counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y axis (they are not drawn to scale). Angles 01 and 03 are fixed, but angle 02 can be varied. Figure (b) gives the intensity of the light emerging from sheet 3 as a function of 02. (The scale of the intensity axis is not indicated.) What percentage of the light's initial intensity is transmitted by the system when 02 = 48°? M. 90° 180° (a) (b)arrow_forward
- In Figure (a), a beam of light in material 1 is incident on a boundary at an angle of 28° The extent to which the light is bent due to refraction depends, in part, on the index of refraction n2 of material 2. Figure (b) gives the angle of refraction 02 versus n2 for a range of possible n2 values, from n, = 1.36 to n, = 1.94. What is the speed of light in material 1? 38° 28 28 18 na (a) (b) Number i ! Units m/sarrow_forwardIn the figure, light from ray A refracts from material 1 (n1 = 1.60) into a thin layer of material 2 (n2 = 1.80), crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3 (n3 = 1.3). (a) What is the value of incident angle θA? (b) If θA is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? Light from ray B refracts from material 1 into the thin layer, crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3. (c) What is the value of incident angle θB? (d) If θB is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3?arrow_forwardUnpolarized light is sent into a system of three polarizing sheets. The angles θ1, θ2, and θ3 of the polarizing directions is measured counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y axis. Angles θ1 and θ3 are fixed, but angle θ2 can be varied. The figure gives the intensity of the light emerging from sheet 3 as a function of θ2. (a) From the intensity plot, what are the possible orientations of the first and third polarizers? Draw a sketch of the situation. (b) What percentage of the light’s initial intensity is transmitted by the three-sheet system when θ2 = 90°? Answer: 7.3%arrow_forward
- In the figure, light from ray A refracts from material 1 (n₁ = 1.73) into a thin layer of material 2 (n2 = 1.80), crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3 (n3 = 1.40). (a) What is the value of incident angle BA? (b) If 8A is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? Light from ray B refracts from material 1 into the thin layer, crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3. (c) What is the value of incident angle Og? (d) If Og is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? OB I ng no 121arrow_forwardBrewster plates are used in laser cavities to polarize the light with the smallest amount of power loss possible (see figure). Suppose the laser cavity is filled with air (n = 1) and the Brewster's plate is made of glass (ng = 1.45). Part (a) What is the angle the normal to the plate must make with respect to the laser beam, θB, if the polarization of the reflected light is maximized? Answer in radians. Part (b) If instead this were a dye laser, whose cavity is filled with a liquid solution with ns = 1.3. What is the angle, θB, in radians?arrow_forwardBrewster plates are used in laser cavities to polarize the light with the smallest amount of power loss possible (see figure). Suppose the laser cavity is filled with air (n = 1) and the Brewster's plate is made of glass (ng = 1.4). Part (a) What is the angle the normal to the plate must make with respect to the laser beam, θB, if the polarization of the reflected light is maximized? Answer in radians. θB = Part (b) If instead this were a dye laser, whose cavity is filled with a liquid solution with ns = 1.3. What is the angle, θB, in radians? θB =arrow_forward
- Two sheets of ideal polarizing material are placed with their transmission axes at 80.0 to each other. A third polarizing sheet is placed between them with its transmission axis at 40.0° to the axes of the other two. A) If unpolarized light of intensity I0 is incident on the system, what is the intensity of the transmitted light?B) What is the fraction of the incident light intensity that is transmitted, when the middle sheet is removed? answer is in I0arrow_forwardA ray of light is perpendicular to the face ab of a glass prism (n = 1.52). Find the largest value for the angle so that the ray is totally reflected at face ac if the prism is immersed (a) in air and (b) in water.arrow_forwardIn Figure (a) below, unpolarized light is sent into a system of two polarizing sheets. The angles 01 and 02 of the polarizing directions of the sheets are measured counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y axis (they are not drawn to scale in the figure). Angle 01 is fixed but angle 02 can be varied. Figure (b) gives the intensity of the light emerging from sheet 2 as a function of 02. (The scale of the intensity axis is not indicated.) What percentage of the light's initial intensity is transmitted by the two-sheet system when 02 = 112°? -x- 0. 90° 180° (a) (b) Number i 43 Units percentarrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax