Concept explainers
To label: The indicated parts of a chloroplast.
Introduction: Photosynthesis is a process in which the green plants and algae obtain their nutrients. This process takes place in the chloroplast where chlorophyll molecules are present. The chloroplast contains the thylakoid membrane where the light reaction takes place. The end product of the light reaction is the formation of ATP and NADPH, which together help in driving the Calvin cycle in the stroma of the chloroplast.
Answer to Problem 1IQ
Pictorial representation: Fig.1 shows the parts of chloroplast.
Fig.1: The parts of chloroplast
Explanation of Solution
The chloroplast is a double membrane bound organelle, which contains the chlorophyll pigments, stroma, grana, and thylakoid. The outer membrane of the chloroplast provides protection and permeability to small ions into the chloroplast. The thylakoid present in the inner membrane of the chloroplast contains chlorophyll, which absorbs the light energy and provides green color to the chloroplast. The thylakoid membrane separates the chloroplast into two separate compartments. The interior compartment is the thylakoid lumen. It is a continuous aqueous phase that plays an important role in photophosphorylation.
The exterior compartment, which consists of colorless fluid, surrounding the grana (stacks of thylakoids) is called chloroplast stroma. Thylakoid space present in the chloroplast mostly serves to provide structure and to build up a concentration gradient of protons during photosynthesis. As the molecules pass the electrons in the electron transport chain, they pump hydrogen ion from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen. In the chloroplasts, ATP synthase is embedded into the thylakoid membrane. The H+ ions are pumped into the inner thylakoid space (thylakoid lumen) in the chloroplast by increasing its concentration in the thylakoid lumen that can be used to make ATP. The ATP is synthesized in the chloroplast stroma.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
- The chloroplast is surrounded by two membranes where the inner membrane forms interconnected membrane sacs called thylakoids where the light dependent reactions take place. Select one: True Falsearrow_forwardlabel the chloroplastarrow_forwardvisit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMNFZnDt75c Attempt to identify the single cup-shaped chloroplast containing the eyespot for phototaxis (phototaxis: moving toward or away from light). This will be a different color than the rest of the cell. What color is it?arrow_forward
- What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast? thylakoids stroma vesicles cristaearrow_forwardName two similarities in the structure or function of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Name two differences.arrow_forwardWhich compartment of the chloroplast is most similar to the mitochondrial matrix? the space between the inner and outer membrane the thylakoid membrane the thylakoid lumen the stroma the photosystemsarrow_forward
- 1) Identify the components of the chloroplast in the diagram below. Where do the photosynthesis (light and synthesis) reactions take place? Note the two-layers. of membranes:1 Outer membrane Intermembrane-Space Inner membrane 8⁰ pH: O pH:arrow_forwardWhich of the following membrane leaflets contains the most phosphatidylcholine? the outer leaflet of the chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane the inner leaflet of the inner chloroplast membrane the outer leaflet of the inner mitochondrial membrane the outer leaflet of the outer nuclear membrane the inner leaflet of the inner mitochondrial membranearrow_forwardElodea is an aquatic plant native to Florida. A process called cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis occurs in Elodea cells, where there is movement of the cytoplasm. The same phenomenon is also observed in animal cells. Below is a microscope image of Elodea cells. 1. Describe the overall shape of the Elodea cells. 2. Label the cell wall of an Elodea cell. 3. Are chloroplasts abundant in the Elodea cell? How many chloroplasts do you think are visible? 4. What are two abiotic (non-living) factors that influence the growth of Elodea?arrow_forward
- Below is a cutaway drawing of a chloroplast. Please answer the following questions by choosing from the Word Bank. Grana CO2 fixation the Outer Membrane Photophosphorylation The arrow at "A" is pointing at the the bracket at "D" is Thylakoids Calvin Cycle function performed in the "B" area is occurs at arrow or at arrow The structure that receives input from "F" is F Stroma The arrow at "C" is pointing at the 3 Dark Reaction Light Reaction Inner membrane CK The arrow at "B" is pointing at The function performed at “C” and at "D" is [ The arrow at "E" is pointing at the The structure indicated by The ATP is synthesized at arrow The dark reactionarrow_forwardWhich of the following does NOT apply to chloroplasts? They contain an internal membrane system consisting of thylakoids They contain chlorophyll and the enzymes required for photosynthesis They are bounded by two membranes, the inner of which is folded into the cristae They synthesize ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate)arrow_forwardDraw a picture of a chloroplast. label the inner membrane, outer membrane, thylakoid, storms, grana, and lumen.arrow_forward
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