Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The pH of the given points of the titration of
Prior to the addition of any
Concept Introduction:
pOH definition:
The pOH of a solution is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydroxide ion
Relationship between pH and pOH:
(a)
Answer to Problem 16.144QP
The pH of the given points of the titration of
The pH prior to the addition of any
Explanation of Solution
To Calculate: The pH prior to the addition of any
Given data:
A 0.150 M solution of
The volume of
The concentration of
The concentration of
The
The pH prior to the addition of any
Construct an equilibrium table for the hydrolysis of hypochlorite ion as follows,
|
|||
Initial |
0.150
0.150-x |
0.00 | 0.00 |
Change |
|
|
|
Equilibrium |
x | x |
The
The
Now substitute equilibrium concentrations into the equilibrium-constant expression.
Here, x gives the concentration of hydroxide ion
Finally, calculate pOH and then the pH as follows,
The pH is calculated as follows,
The pH prior to the addition of any
(b)
Interpretation:
The pH of the given points of the titration of
Halfway to the equivalence point
Concept Introduction:
pOH definition:
The pOH of a solution is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydroxide ion
Relationship between pH and pOH:
(b)
Answer to Problem 16.144QP
The pH of the given points of the titration of
The pH halfway to the equivalence point is 7.45
Explanation of Solution
To Calculate: The pH halfway to the equivalence point
At the half-way point,
This gives,
The pOH is calculated from the obtained hydroxide ion concentration as follows,
The pH is calculated as follows,
The pH halfway to the equivalence point was calculated as 7.45
(c)
Interpretation:
The pH of the given points of the titration of
At the equivalence point
Concept Introduction:
pOH definition:
The pOH of a solution is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydroxide ion
Relationship between pH and pOH:
(c)
Answer to Problem 16.144QP
The pH of the given points of the titration of
The pH at the equivalence point is 4.34
Explanation of Solution
To Calculate: The pH at the equivalence point
Calculate the volume of
The volume of
Hence, the total volume is as follows,
The equilibrium reaction is,
The moles of
The concentration of
Substitute into the equilibrium-constant expression and solve.
Here, x gives the hydronium ion concentration.
The pH at the equivalence point was calculated as 4.34
(d)
Interpretation:
The pH of the given points of the titration of
After 5.00 mL of
Concept Introduction:
pOH definition:
The pOH of a solution is defined as the negative base-10 logarithm of the hydroxide ion
Relationship between pH and pOH:
(d)
Answer to Problem 16.144QP
The pH of the given points of the titration of
The pH after 5.00 mL of
Explanation of Solution
To Calculate: The pH after 5.00 mL of
The total volume after the addition of 5.00 mL of
Calculate the concentration of excess
The hydronium ion concentration and the pH are:
The pH is calculated as follows,
The pH after 5.00 mL of
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Chapter 16 Solutions
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
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