Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260150544
Author: Bill W. Tillery
Publisher: McGraw Hill Education
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Textbook Question
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Chapter 17, Problem 1AC

A naturally occurring inorganic solid element or compound with a crystalline structure is a

a. mineral.

b. crystal.

c. rock.

d. stone.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark
To determine

From the following options, the naturally occurring, inorganic solid element or compound which has a crystalline structure is called:

mineral.

crystal.

rock.

stone.

Answer to Problem 1AC

Solution:

Option (a) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Minerals are the part of solid materials of earth’s crust having known chemical composition and well-defined crystalline structure. The unique chemical composition and crystal structure gives it a set of physical property that is harnessed through engineering and technology to meet human needs.

Explanation:

Reason for correct option:

Minerals are obtained from the earth’s crust which is a thin layer of lighter elements on the surface. So, minerals are strictly naturally occurring.

Since the composition of minerals mostly includes any of the eight elements (Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminium, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium). So the product is inorganic in nature.

The atoms of a mineral are arranged in a regular and repeated pattern which is called crystal structure. The uniqueness of the crystal structure gives minerals special physical and chemical features.

Note that while discussing minerals ignore organic minerals which are some rare groups of minerals chemically containing hydrocarbons.

Also, petroleum being naturally occurring and obtained from earth’s crust should not be misunderstood as mineral as it is in liquid state and it is organic in composition. It is classified as hydrocarbon.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Reason for incorrect option:

Option (b) is incorrect because crystals can be manufactured by the process of crystallization. Crystals may exist in either solid or frozen non-crystalline state.

Option (c) is incorrect because rocks are not elements or compounds but an aggregation of minerals and other materials. The minerals may be of same type or different types. Aggregation may include materials that don’t have crystal structure.

Option (d) is incorrect as there is no major difference between a rock and stone chemically. The stones are smaller in size compared to rock.

Conclusion:

All the solid materials of earth crust that have unique chemical composition and crystal structure and have some special physical and chemical features called minerals.

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Chapter 17 Solutions

Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book

Ch. 17 - 11. An aggregation of one or more minerals that...Ch. 17 - 12. Rocks that are formed from molten minerals...Ch. 17 - 13. Igneous rock that slowly cooled deep below...Ch. 17 - 14. The rock that makes up the bulk of Earth’s...Ch. 17 - 15. The rock that makes up the ocean basins and...Ch. 17 - 16. Rocks that are formed from particles of other...Ch. 17 - 17. Accumulations of silt, sand, or other...Ch. 17 - 18. Limestone and dolomite are a. sandstone. b....Ch. 17 - 19. Heat and pressure change rocks into a.igneous...Ch. 17 - 20. The relationship between rocks that are...Ch. 17 - 21. The thin layer that covers Earth’s surface is...Ch. 17 - 22. Based on its abundance in Earth's crust, most...Ch. 17 - 23. The most common rock in Earth's crust is a....Ch. 17 - 24. An intrusive igneous rock will have which type...Ch. 17 - 25. Which igneous rock would have the greatest...Ch. 17 - 26. Which of the following formed from previously...Ch. 17 - 27. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the processes...Ch. 17 - 28. The greatest extent of metamorphic changes has...Ch. 17 - 29. Which type of rock probably existed first,...Ch. 17 - 30. Earth is unique because it has a. CO2 in its...Ch. 17 - 31. The common structural feature of all silicates...Ch. 17 - 32. The one group that is not a subgroup of the...Ch. 17 - 33. The property that is not considered useful in...Ch. 17 - 34. The specific gravity of a mineral depends on...Ch. 17 - 35. Fluorite is a mineral that floats in liquid...Ch. 17 - 36. The group that is not a class of rocks is a....Ch. 17 - 37. The classification of rocks is based on a....Ch. 17 - 38. An example of a sedimentary rock is a....Ch. 17 - 39. The term that does not describe a size of...Ch. 17 - 40. Dissolved rock materials form a. chemical...Ch. 17 - 41. An example of a metamorphic rock is a....Ch. 17 - 42. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed on Earth’s...Ch. 17 - 43. Foliation is found in a. sedimentary rocks. b....Ch. 17 - Prob. 1QFTCh. 17 - Prob. 2QFTCh. 17 - 3. Explain why each mineral has its own unique set...Ch. 17 - 4. Identify at least eight physical properties...Ch. 17 - 5. Explain how the identity of an unknown mineral...Ch. 17 - 6. What is a rock? Ch. 17 - 7. Describe the concept of the rock cycle. Ch. 17 - Prob. 8QFTCh. 17 - 9. Which major kind of rock, based on the way it...Ch. 17 - 10. What is the difference between magma and...Ch. 17 - 11. What is meant by the “texture" of an igneous...Ch. 17 - 12. What are the basic differences between...Ch. 17 - 13. Explain why a cooled and crystallized magma...Ch. 17 - Prob. 14QFTCh. 17 - 15. What are clastic sediments? How are they...Ch. 17 - 16. Briefly describe the rock-forming process...Ch. 17 - 17. What are metamorphic rocks? What limits the...Ch. 17 - 18. Describe what happens to the minerals as shale...Ch. 17 - Prob. 19QFTCh. 17 - 1. What are the significant similarities and...Ch. 17 - 2. Is ice a mineral? Describe reasons to support...Ch. 17 - 3. If ice is a mineral, is a glacier a rock?...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4FFACh. 17 - Prob. 1PEACh. 17 - Prob. 2PEACh. 17 - Prob. 3PEACh. 17 - Prob. 4PEACh. 17 - Prob. 5PEACh. 17 - Prob. 6PEACh. 17 - Prob. 7PEACh. 17 - Prob. 8PEACh. 17 - Prob. 9PEACh. 17 - Prob. 10PEACh. 17 - Prob. 11PEACh. 17 - Prob. 12PEACh. 17 - A granite countertop measuring 4.57 m long by 0.75...Ch. 17 - A limestone building stone measuring 40.0 cm long...Ch. 17 - Granite boulders with a minimum mass of 1.50...Ch. 17 - 1. A sample of the mineral sylvite measures 2.68...Ch. 17 - 2. A rectangular crystal of calcium plagioclase...Ch. 17 - 3. A spherical specimen of the mineral quartz...Ch. 17 - 4. Geologists separate nonferromagnesian silicates...Ch. 17 - 5. Compare the mineral halite (NaCl, hardness of...Ch. 17 - 6. Mica is a sheet silicate while quartz is a...Ch. 17 - 7. Magnesite is a magnesium ore mineral and has...Ch. 17 - 8. Magnetite and hematite are iron ore minerals....Ch. 17 - 9. An iron mine has an ore deposit estimated at...Ch. 17 - 10. An ore deposit consisting of chert and...Ch. 17 - 11. For a given igneous rock type, the proportion...Ch. 17 - 12. Based on Figure 17.13, what is the average...Ch. 17 - 13. A gabbro countertop measuring 4.70 m long by...Ch. 17 - 14. A sandstone building stone measuring 50.0 cm...Ch. 17 - Prob. 15PEB

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