Concept explainers
Derive the amino acid sequence that is coded for by each mRNA sequence.
- 5 AAA CCC UUU UGU 3
- 5 CCU UUG GAA GUA CUU 3
- 5 GGG UGU AUG CAC CGA UUG 3
(a)
Interpretation:
Amino acid sequence responsible for the 5 AAA CCC UUU UGU 3 mRNA code should be derived.
Concept Introduction:
Genetic code − DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
Answer to Problem 60P
Lys-Pro-Phe-Cys
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime end (5) to 3 prime end (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. Below mentioned table represent the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for amino acid.AAA triplet is unique for Lysine. CCC triplet is unique for Proline. UUU triplet is unique for phenylalanine. UGU triplet is unique for cysteine.
Therefore, Lys-Pro-Phe-Cys is the amino acid sequence for 5 AAA CCC UUU UGU 3.
(b)
Interpretation:
Amino acid sequence responsible for the 5 CCU UUG GAA GUA CUU 3 mRNA code should be derived.
Concept Introduction:
Genetic code − DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
Answer to Problem 60P
Pro-Leu-Glu-Val-Leu
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5) to 3 prime ends (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. CCU triplet is unique for Proline. UUG triplet is unique for Leucine. GAA triplet is unique for Glutamic acid. GUA triplet is unique for Valine. CUU triplet is unique for Leucine.
Therefore, Pro-Leu-Glu-Val-Leu is the amino acid sequence for 5 CCU UUG GAA GUA CUU 3.
(c)
Interpretation:
Amino acid sequence responsible for the 5 GGG UGU AUG CAC CGA UUG 3 mRNA code should be derived.
Concept Introduction:
Genetic code − DNA and RNA transform genetic information of the living cells through triplet code, which is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
Answer to Problem 60P
Gly-Cys-Met-His-Arg-Leu
Explanation of Solution
Codons are written from 5 prime ends (5) to 3 prime ends (3) of mRNA. There is a unique triplet representation for a particular amino acid. The below-mentioned table represents the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids.
The Genetic Code- Triplets in Messenger RNA
First Base (5' end) | Second Base | Third Base (3' end) | |||||||
U | C | A | G | ||||||
U | UUU | Phe | UCU | Ser | UAU | Tyr | UGU | Cys | U |
UUC | Phe | UCC | Ser | UAC | Tyr | UGC | Cys | C | |
UUA | Leu | UCA | Ser | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leu | UCG | Ser | UAG | Stop | UGG | Trp | G | |
C | CUU | Leu | CCU | Pro | CAU | His | CGU | Arg | U |
CUC | Leu | CCC | Pro | CAC | His | CGC | Arg | C | |
CUA | Leu | CCA | Pro | CAA | Gln | CGA | Arg | A | |
CUG | Leu | CCG | Pro | CAG | Gln | CGG | Arg | G | |
A | AUU | Ile | ACU | Thr | AAU | Asn | AGU | Ser | U |
AUC | Ile | ACC | Thr | AAC | Asn | AGC | Ser | C | |
AUA | Ile | ACA | Thr | AAA | Lys | AGA | Arg | A | |
AUG | Met | ACG | Thr | AAG | Lys | AGG | Arg | G | |
G | GUU | Val | GCU | Ala | GAU | Asp | GGU | Gly | U |
GUC | Val | GCC | Ala | GAC | Asp | GGC | Gly | C | |
GUA | Val | GCA | Ala | GAA | Glu | GGA | Gly | A | |
GUG | Val | GCG | Ala | GAG | Glu | GGG | Gly | G |
According to the above table; one amino acid has several triplets, but triplet code is unique for an amino acid. GGG triplet is unique for Glycine. UGU triplet is unique for Cystine. AUG triplet is unique for Methionine. CAC triplet is unique for Histidine. CGA triplet is unique for Arginine. UUG triplet is unique for Leucine.
Therefore, Gly-Cys-Met-His-Arg-Leu is the amino acid sequence for 5 GGG UGU AUG CAC CGA UUG 3
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Chapter 22 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
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