(a)
Interpretation:
For the given starting material, structural formula for the nitration product has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
If the substituents on benzene carbon are electron rich groups they are known as activating groups. They are ortho- and para- directing groups because these groups when directly bonded to benzene carbon increases the electron density at ortho and para positions. So they direct the incoming electrophile towards ortho and para position in electrophilic substitution reactions.
If the substituents on benzene carbon are electron withdrawing groups they are known as deactivating groups. They are meta-directing groups because these groups when directly bonded to benzene carbon decreases the electron density at ortho and para positions and so the incoming electrophile is directed towards meta position.
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given starting material, structural formula for the nitration product has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
If the substituents on benzene carbon are electron rich groups they are known as activating groups. They are ortho- and para- directing groups because these groups when directly bonded to benzene carbon increases the electron density at ortho and para positions. So they direct the incoming electrophile towards ortho and para position in electrophilic substitution reactions.
If the substituents on benzene carbon are electron withdrawing groups they are known as deactivating groups. They are meta-directing groups because these groups when directly bonded to benzene carbon decreases the electron density at ortho and para positions and so the incoming electrophile is directed towards meta position.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 22 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Draw the major product formed when HBrHBr reacts with the epoxide. Use wedge–dash bonds, including hydrogen atoms at each stereogenic center, to show the stereochemistry of the product.arrow_forwardGive reagents for the corresponding synthetic transformationarrow_forwardWrite out the synthesis for each of the following reactions. Show the product and reagents for each step in each synthesis.?arrow_forward
- Complete the following reactions. Show all possible products and indicate stereochemistry where appropriate.arrow_forwardSynthesize the product from the given material. Give the reagents necessary and draw out any intermediate products along the way.arrow_forwardgive me two major products. one after excess and one after additional water reactionarrow_forward
- Write the products for (A-I). Label products with the mechanism (Sn2, Sn1, E1, E2) that produced it and write out and label major vs minor elimination products.arrow_forwardDraw the main organic products of the reaction. Indicate the stereochemistry, including all hydrogen atoms, at each stereocenter. Omit byproducts such as salts or methanol.arrow_forwardBy taking into account electronegativity differences, draw the products formed by heterolysis of the carbon–heteroatom bond in each molecule. Classify the organic reactive intermediate as a carbocation or a carbanion.arrow_forward
- Provide a multistep synthesis for each compound from the given starting material. Provide the reagents needed and the synthetic intermediate from each step.arrow_forwardDevelop a synthesis for the following product, starting from the indicated reagent. Indicate all the conditions and intermediates necessary to complete the same step by step.arrow_forwardb) The Wolf-Kishner reduction is a reaction used in Organic Chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene group. The reaction was used to convert an aldehyde or ketone to an alkane using hydrazine, base and thermal conditions. The mechanism begins with the attack of hydrazine of the aldehyde or ketone. Stage 1: The reaction of aldehyde/ketone with hydrazine to produce hydrazine Stage 2: Reaction with the base and heat to convert hydrozone to alkane Write the mechanism of the reaction.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning