Concept explainers
The adjusted
Required
- 1. Prepare the income statement and the statement of owner’s equity for calendar-year 2019 and the classified
balance sheet at December 31, 2019. - 2. Prepare the necessary closing entries at December 31, 2019.
- 3. Use the information in the financial statements to calculate these ratios: (a) return on assets (total assets at December 31, 2018, were $160,000), (b) debt ratio, (c) profit margin ratio (use total revenues as the denominator), and (d)
current ratio . Round ratios to three decimals for parts a and c and to two decimals for parts b and d.
Requirement 1:
Prepare the following:
- Income statement for the year ended December 31, 2019.
- Statement of owner’s equity for the year ended December 31, 2019.
- Balance sheet at December 31, 2019.
Explanation of Solution
Income statement: The financial statement which reports revenues and expenses from business operations and the result of those operations as net income or net loss for a particular time period is referred to as income statement.
Prepare an income statement for the year ended December 31, 2019:
Table (1)
Statement of owners’ equity: This statement reports the beginning owner’s equity and all the changes, which led to ending owners’ equity. Additional capital, net income from income statement is added to and a drawing is deducted from beginning owner’s equity to arrive at the result, ending owner’s equity.
Prepare the statement of owners’ equity for the year ended December 31, 2019:
Table (2)
Classified balance sheet: The main elements of balance sheet assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity are categorized or classified further into sections, and sub-sections in a classified balance sheet. Assets are further classified as current assets, long-term investments, property, plant, and equipment (PPE), and intangible assets. Liabilities are classified into two sections current and long-term. Stockholders’ equity comprises of common stock and retained earnings. Thus, the classified balance sheet includes all the elements under different sections.
Prepare the classified balance sheet at December 31, 2019:
Table (3)
Requirement 2:
Prepare the closing entries at December 31, 2019.
Explanation of Solution
Closing entries: The journal entries prepared to close the temporary accounts to permanent account are referred to as closing entries. The revenue, expense, and dividends accounts are referred to as temporary accounts because the information and figures in these accounts is held temporarily and consequently transferred to permanent account at the end of accounting year.
Prepare the closing entries at December 31, 2019:
Table (4)
Working Note:
Calculate the amount of P. A’s capital (transferred):
Revenue account:
In this closing entry, the professional fees earned account is closed by transferring the amount of professional fees earned account to Income summary account in order to bring the revenue account balance to zero. Hence, debit professional fees earned account and credit Income summary account.
Expense account:
In this closing entry, all expense accounts are closed by transferring the amount of total expense to the Income summary account in order to bring the expense account balance to zero. Hence, debit the Income summary account and credit all expenses account.
Income summary account:
Income summary account is a temporary account. This account is debited to close the net income value to P.A’s capital account.
P.A’s capital is a component of stockholders’ equity account. The value of P.A’s capital increased because net income is transferred. Therefore, it is credited.
Withdrawals account:
P.A’s capital is a component of owner’s equity. Thus, owners ‘equity is debited since the capital is decreased on owners’ drawings.
P.A’s withdrawals are a component of owner’s equity. It is credited because the balance of owners’ withdrawals account is transferred to owners ‘capital account.
Requirement 3:
Compute the following ratios:
- (a) Return on assets.
- (b) Debt ratio.
- (c) Profit margin ratio.
- (d) Current ratio.
Explanation of Solution
Return on Assets (ROA): This financial ratio evaluates a company’s efficiency in operating the assets to generate net income. So, ROA is a tool used to measure the performance of a company.
The following formula is used to calculate return on assets:
(a)
Compute the return on assets ratio:
Debt Ratio:
Debt ratio is the ratio that measures the relationship between total assets and total liabilities of the company. Debt ratio reflects the finance strategy of the company. It is used to evaluate company’s ability to pay its debts. Higher debt ratio implies the higher financial risk.
The following formula is used to calculate debt ratio:
(b)
Compute the debt ratio:
Profit margin ratio:
Profit margin ratio is used to determine the percentage of net income that is being generated per dollar of revenue or sales.
The following formula is used to calculate profit margin ratio:
(c)
Compute the profit margin ratio:
Current ratio: The financial ratio which evaluates the ability of a company to pay off the debt obligations which mature within one year or within completion of operating cycle is referred to as current ratio. This ratio assesses the liquidity of a company.
The following formula is used to calculate current ratio:
(d)
Compute the current ratio:
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Principles of Financial Accounting.
- Planning Wizards, LLC is an event-planning company. Which of the following would be included in the current asset section of a classified balance sheet dated December 31, 2019? a. 15-month certificate of deposit b. Customer advances on New Year's parties c. Last month rent payment (lease expires in 2021) d. Investment in stocks, to be sold in 2020 e. Income tax refund receivable f. Inventory Select one: d, e, and f e and f a, b, c, e, and f a, b, c, d, e, and f b, e, farrow_forwardThe owner's capital account has a credit balance of P624,000 on January 1, 2019. The owner's withdrawal account has a debit balance of P360,000 on December 31, 2019. The income summary account contains debit posting of P830,500 and a credit posting of P1,210,500. What would be the balance of the owner's capital account on December 31, 2019.arrow_forwardDevlin Company has prepared following partially completed worksheet for the year ended December 31, 2019: 1. Complete the worksheet. (Round to the nearest dollar.) 2. Prepar company's financial statements. 3. Prepare (a) adjusting and (b ) closing entries in the general journal.arrow_forward
- Agrico Inc. accepted a 10-month, 13% (annual rate), $5,350 note from one of its customers on May 15, 2019; interest is payable with the principal at maturity. a-2. Prepare the journal entry to record the interest earned by Agrico during its year ended December 31, 2019. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Do not round your intermediate calculation. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)arrow_forwardOn January 1, 2019, Northern Manufacturing Company bought a piece of equipment by signing a non-interest-bearing $80,000, 1-year note. The face value of the note includes the price of the equipment and the interest. The effective interest rate is an annual rate of 16%, and the note is to be paid in four $20,000 quarterly installments on March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31. The price of the equipment is the present value of the four payments discounted at the effective interest rate.arrow_forwardVaughn Company borrowed $31,200 on November 1, 2025, by signing a $31,200, 9%, 3-month note. Prepare Vaughn's November 1, 2025, entry; the December 31, 2025, annual adjusting entry; and the February 1, 2026, entry. (If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. Record journal entries in the order presented in the problem. List all debit entries before credit entries.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit III Creditarrow_forward
- Comprehensive On November 30, 2019. Davis Company had the following account balance. During the month of December, Davis entered into the following transactions: Required: a.Prepare generaljournal entries to record the preceding transactions. b.Post to general ledger T accoun c.Prepare a year-end trial balance on a worksheet and complete theworksheet using the following information: (a) accrued salaries at year-end total s1,200; (b) for simplicity, the building and equipment are being depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated life of 20 yean with no residual value;(c) supplies on hand at the end of the year total $630; (d) bad debts expense for the year totals $830; and (e)the income tax rate is 30%; income taxes are payable in the first quarter of d.Prepare the companis financial statements for 2019. e.Prepare the 2019 (a) adjusting and (b) closing entries in the general journal.arrow_forwardJournal entries and trial balanceElite Realty acts as an agent in buying, selling, renting, and managingreal estate. The unadjusted trial balance on March 31, 2019, follows: (attached) The attached business transactions were completed by Elite Realtyduring April 2019: Instructions1. Record the April 1, 2019, balance of each account in the appropriatebalance column of a four-column account, write Balance in the itemsection, and place a check mark () in the Posting Reference column. 2. Journalize the transactions for April in a two-column journalbeginning on Page 18. Journal entry explanations may be omitted.3. Post to the ledger, extending the account balance to the appropriatebalance column after each posting.4. Prepare an unadjusted trial balance of the ledger as of April 30, 2019. 5. Assume that the April 30 transaction for salaries and commissionsshould have been $19,100. (a) Why did the unadjusted trial balance in (4)balance? (b) Journalize the correcting entry. (c) Is this error…arrow_forwardOn November 30, 2019, Davis Company and the following account balances: 1. Prepare general journal entries to record preceding transactions. 2. Post to general ledger T-accou11ts. 3. Prepare a year-end trial balance on a worksheet and complete the worksheet using the following information: (a) accrued salaries at year-end total $1,200; (b ) for simplicity, the building and equipment are being depreciated using the stright-line method over an estimated life of 20 years with no residual all c) supplies on hand at the end of the year total $630; (d ) bad debts expense for the year totals $830; and (e ) the income tax rate is 30%; income taxes are payable in the first quarter of 2020. 4. Prepare company's financial statements for 2019 . 5. Prepare 2019 (a) adjusting and (b) closing entries in the general journal.arrow_forward
- The following selected accounts and their current balances appear in the ledger of Kanpur Co. for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019: 1. Prepare a multiple-step income statement.2. Prepare a statement of owner’s equity.3. Prepare a balance sheet, assuming that the current portion of the note payable is$7,000.4. Briefly explain how multiple-step and single-step income statements differ.arrow_forwardPrepare the necessary journal entries (include journal entry descriptions) for the selected transactions of Nester Company whose fiscal year end is December 31, You MUST show the details of any calculations either in parenthesis or as a footnote. Date Transaction Description 7/1/20Y5 Accepted a 5-month, 6% note in settlement of a past due customer account, Barns Company, with a $9,000 balance. 11/1/20Y5 Accepted a promissory note from a Nester Company executive in exchange for providing the executive with S20,000 to be used for relocation costs. The note carries interest of 9% and is due in 8 months. 12/1/20Y5 Received the amount due on the note from Barns Company. 12/31/20Y5 Accrued interest on the 8-month note received from the Nester Company executive. 7/1/20Y6 Received full payment from the Nester Company executive.arrow_forwardThe following are selected 2019 transactions of Kelly Company a. October 1: Purchased inventory from Sid Corporation on account $100,000. Kelly records purchases gross and uses a periodic system. b. November 1: Issued a $60,000 6-month 10% note to Sid in payment of account. c. November 1: Borrowed $80,000 from FB Bank by signing a 15 month, zero interest bearing $110,000 note. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entries for the transactions above. 2. Prepare the adjusting entries as at December 2019arrow_forward
- Intermediate Accounting: Reporting And AnalysisAccountingISBN:9781337788281Author:James M. Wahlen, Jefferson P. Jones, Donald PagachPublisher:Cengage LearningFinancial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337272124Author:Carl Warren, James M. Reeve, Jonathan DuchacPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Century 21 Accounting Multicolumn JournalAccountingISBN:9781337679503Author:GilbertsonPublisher:Cengage