Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 4.3, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The importance of catalysis of a reaction and encoding an information in the origin of life.
Introduction:
The importance of catalyst lies in the fact that it decreases the value of activation energy of a reaction. The catalyst makes the reaction fast and feasible. The product of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a protein which can act as a catalyst or it can be a functional protein product. The origin of life depended on the catalytic and self-encoding behavior of the RNA molecules.
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What did the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrate? A. Life originated in outer space and was brought to Earth on a meteor. B. Complex molecules can be formed from water, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen gas in a reducing atmosphere. C. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells following an endosymbiotic event. D. RNA was the genetic storage merial before DNA.
How does the autotroph hypothesis explain the origin of life?
Why was the development of enzymes fundamental to the evolution of life?
a) without enzymes, the activation energy for essential reactions was too low
b) enzymes allowed for high rate of catalysis at relatively low temperatures
c) enzymes reduced the cellular demand for ATP
d) enzymes allowed for reactions to occur spontaneously
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Which result from the Miller and Urey experiment provides evidence that the molecules of life could have spontaneously been produced in the ancient Earth environment? a After their experiment, they produced DNA from amino acids. b They showed how DNA can be produced from simple molecules that included water, oxygen, carbohydrates, and lipids. c Their experiment produced amino acids—the building blocks of life—from chemicals that existed in the environment of ancient Earth. d Miller and Urey's experiment provided evidence that showed that although oxygen was lacking in the environment of ancient Earth, it could be readily made from the decomposition of rocks and minerals.arrow_forwardWhy is RNA likely to have been pivotal in life’s beginnings?arrow_forwardComment on RNA’s role in catalysis and coding in theories of the origin of life.arrow_forward
- How did the Miller-Urey experiment impact the way scientist think about the origins of lifearrow_forwardExplain how the work of Garrod indicated that some genes encode enzymes.arrow_forwardHow origin of life is attributed to light and water? How did Whittaker classify organisms? How bacteriophage help in controlling the disease?arrow_forward
- The fact that DNA sequences are more similar in more closely related organisms is evidence of what?a. optimal design in organismsb. adaptationc. mutationd. descent with modificationarrow_forwardThe diagram to the right shows how tiles can be put together in different ways. How does this example relate to the role of DNA as the universal genetic material in organisms?arrow_forwardDescribe how Beadle and Tatum’s experiments connected certain genes to enzymes and proteins.arrow_forward
- What were the two major goals of the Human Genome Project? Select all that apply. a to isolate each gene b to identify all DNA base sequences c to identify noncoding regions d to find a cure for cancerarrow_forwardAnalyze the experiments of Beadle and Tatum, and explain how their results were consistent with the idea that certain genes encode a single enzyme.arrow_forwardWhat the world looks like due to mutation?illustratearrow_forward
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