Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 35E
How could you measure Earth’s orbital speed by photographing the spectrum of a star at various times throughout the year? (Hint: Suppose the star lies in the plane of Earth’s orbit.)
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 5 - What distinguishes one type of electromagnetic...Ch. 5 - What is a wave? Use the terms wavelength and...Ch. 5 - Is your textbook the kind of idealized object...Ch. 5 - Where in an atom would you expect to find...Ch. 5 - Explain how emission lines and absorption lines...Ch. 5 - Explain how the Doppler effect works for sound...Ch. 5 - What kind of motion for a star does not produce a...Ch. 5 - Describe how Bohr’s model used the work of...Ch. 5 - Explain why light is referred to as...Ch. 5 - Explain the difference between radiation as it is...
Ch. 5 - What are the differences between light waves and...Ch. 5 - Which type of wave has a longer wavelength: AM...Ch. 5 - Explain why astronomers long ago believed that...Ch. 5 - Explain what the ionosphere is and how it...Ch. 5 - Which is more dangerous to living things, gamma...Ch. 5 - Explain why we have to observe stars and other...Ch. 5 - Explain why hotter objects tend to radiate more...Ch. 5 - Explain how we can deduce the temperature of a...Ch. 5 - Explain what dispersion is and how astronomers use...Ch. 5 - Explain why glass prisms disperse light.Ch. 5 - Explain what Joseph Fraunhofer discovered about...Ch. 5 - Explain how we use spectral absorption and...Ch. 5 - Explain the results of Rutherford’s gold foil...Ch. 5 - Is it possible for two different atoms of carbon...Ch. 5 - What are the three isotopes of hydrogen, and how...Ch. 5 - Explain how electrons use light energy to move...Ch. 5 - Explain why astronomers use the term “blueshifted”...Ch. 5 - If spectral line wavelengths are changing for...Ch. 5 - Make a list of some of the many practical...Ch. 5 - With what type of electromagnetic radiation would...Ch. 5 - Why is it dangerous to be exposed to X-rays but...Ch. 5 - Go outside on a clear night, wait 15 minutes for...Ch. 5 - Water faucets are often labeled with a red dot for...Ch. 5 - Suppose you are standing at the exact center of a...Ch. 5 - How could you measure Earth’s orbital speed by...Ch. 5 - Astronomers want to make maps of the sky showing...Ch. 5 - The greenhouse effect can be explained easily if...Ch. 5 - An idealized radiating object does not reflect or...Ch. 5 - Why are ionized gases typically only found in very...Ch. 5 - Explain why each element has a unique spectrum of...Ch. 5 - What is the wavelength of the carrier wave of a...Ch. 5 - What is the frequency of a red laser beam, with a...Ch. 5 - You go to a dance club to forget how hard your...Ch. 5 - What is the energy of the photon with the...Ch. 5 - If the emitted infrared radiation from Pluto, has...Ch. 5 - What is the temperature of a star whose maximum...
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- What two factors determine how bright a star appears to be in the sky?arrow_forwardAppendix I lists some of the nearest stars. Are most of these stars hotter or cooler than the Sun? Do any of them emit more energy than the Sun? If so, which ones?arrow_forwardBy what fraction are the wavelengths in this star's spectrum shifted?arrow_forward
- If you observe a star’s blackbody spectrum twice, once from Earth and once from a space shuttle above Earth’s atmosphere, what will you see? An absorption spectrum from Earth and a continuous spectrum from space An absorption spectrum from space and a continuous spectrum from Earth An absorption spectrum from space and an absorption spectrum with more absorption lines from Earth An absorption spectrum from Earth and an absorption spectrum with more absorption lines from spacearrow_forwardPlot the spectral emittance the five bodies in our solar system Listed here: Sun (6000 K) Venus (600 K) Earth (300 K) Mars (200 K) Titan (120 K)arrow_forwardWhen astronomers look at the spectrum of the Sun, they noticed that the light from one edge is slightly blue-shifted, while light from the opposite age is slightly red-shifted. What does this tell you about the Sun?arrow_forward
- A star is moving toward Earth with a radial velocity (speed directly toward or away from Earth) of 40,000 km/s. If we take a spectrum of this star’s light, will we find it to be red shifted or blue shifted? By what fraction are the wavelengths in this star’s spectrum shifted? [Answer: λ0/λ = 0.88]arrow_forwardEarth tugs the Sun around as it orbits, but it affects the radial velocity of the sun by only 0.09m/s. How large a shift in wavelength does this cause in the Sun's spectrum at 575 nm?arrow_forwardThe intensity of light from a central source varies inversely as the square of the distance. If you lived on a planet only half as far from the Sun as our Earth, how would Sun’s light intensity compare with that on Earth? How about a planet 10 times farther away than Earth?arrow_forward
- Earth tugs the sun around as it orbits, but it affects the radial velocity of the sun by only 0.09 m/s . How large of a shift in wavelength does this cause in the Sun's spectrum at 575 nm?arrow_forwardDistance from Apparent Brightness (rank; brightest, 8 = dimmest) Name of Star Earth (light years) | 1 = Sun Sirius 8.6 Canopus Arcturus 309 3. 36.7 4 Rigel Vega Alpha Centauri Bernard's Star 773 5 25.3 4.3 7 5.9 8 13 What sentence explains why a star can be much farther from Earth than the Sun, but still be bright? nida nenv A. Distance from Earth and apparent brightness are related. B. Bright stars that are farther away are larger than the Sun. C. The higher it appears in the sky, the brighter the star. D. The apparent brightness scale goes up as stars get dimmer. del sdTarrow_forwardIn the above figure, the alpha angle is 47.1 degrees. What is the value of the theta angle?arrow_forward
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