Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 51.4, Problem 1CS
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason for the placenta circulation being similar to pulmonary circulation.
Introduction: In mammals, the fetus develops within the body of the mother and the developing fetus extracts all the nutrients from the mother for its growth. The placenta acts as the connecting link between the body of the mother and of the fetus. The blood flowing in the placenta carries the oxygen and nutrients for the fetus.
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Trophoblast or ICM? If cells choose to become trophoblast, they will end up in the placenta. If they choose to become ICM, they will give rise to the 3 germ layers that will make up the rest of the body of the embryo.
Answer the following questions:
What will guide them to make the right decision?
Do they have a choice?
If cells choose to become trophoblast, they will end up in the placenta. If they choose to become ICM, they will give rise to the 3 germ layers that will make up the rest of the body of the embryo.
Explain what rpocesses or mechanisms will guide them to make the right decision. Do they have a choice?
Yolk sac
(lined with endoderm).
Maternal
blood pool
Amniotic cavity
containing
amniotic fluid
Amnion
Endometrium
Chorion (derived
from blastocyst
cavity membrane)
Allantois
Endoderm layer
becomes:
1) Digestive system
2) Liver
3) Pancreas
4) Lungs (inner layers)
Mesoderm layer
becomes:
1) Circulatory system
Ectoderm layer
becomes:
1) Hair
2) Lungs (epithelial layers)
2) Nails
3) Skeletal system
3) Skin
4) Muscular system
4) Nervous system
Chapter 51 Solutions
Biology
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Ch. 51 - Prob. 4TYCh. 51 - Prob. 5TYCh. 51 - Prob. 6TYCh. 51 - A major function of FSH is to a. stimulate the...Ch. 51 - During the human ovarian cycle, ovulation is...Ch. 51 - Prob. 9TYCh. 51 - Prob. 10TYCh. 51 - Prob. 1CQCh. 51 - Prob. 2CQCh. 51 - Prob. 3CQCh. 51 - Prob. 1COQCh. 51 - Describe the events of the ovarian and uterine...
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- Zygote Embryo Muscle cells Intestinal cells Liver cells Blood cells Nerve cell Cardiac cells (1) Specialization occurs, resulting in the formation of a great variety of cell types. (2) Genes are inserted into the zygote to allow for the formation of different cell types. (3) The expression of genes responsible for the different cell types is controlled by the placenta. (4) The genetic information in the zygote is divided to produce a complete set for each cell typearrow_forwardCritical periods of fetal development Human nutrition starts during pregnancy, the moment the fertilized egg attaches itself to the uterine wall and starts receiving nutrients from the mother. At the placenta, the mother and the embryo exchange nutrients, oxygen and waste. In this way, the embryo receives the nutrition it needs to grow, and allows the mother to handle the processing of waste. The nutrients received by the embryo depend on the nutrients consumed by the mother in her current diet, as well as those in her nutrient reserves. If the mother lacks nutrients, the embryo will lack them as well. Red blood cells, bacteria and large proteins in the mother's blood cannot pass to the embryo, but some potentially dangerous substances can. Alcohol, caffeine, illicit drugs, prescription and over-the-counter medications can cross the placenta barrier and enter the embryo. Environmental pollutants such as mercury, arsenic and lead can cross the placenta barrier too. Some of these…arrow_forwardMost mammals, including humans have alecithal type of egg, which means that there is negligible or no amount of stored yolk in its cytoplasm. How would a developing mammalian embryo get its nourishment?arrow_forward
- What is the outer layer of trophoblast termed* Cytotrophoblast Extra-embryonic mesoderm O Syncytiotrophoblast Connecting stalkarrow_forwardExplain why it is so important that the blood of mother and offspring do not mix together in the placenta. List the structural features of the placenta that contribute to efficient exchange and explain why each is important.arrow_forwardState and explain 5 effects of tobacco smoking by a pregnant mother on the foetus development. (400 words) Identify and explain 5 disadvantages of In vitro fertilisation (IVF) as an intervention to have a baby. (400 words) Why is breast feeding in the first 3month of a baby very important? (200 words) Higher animals undergo sexual reproduction despite its complexity, why. Give 5 reasons. (400 words) Describe five changes that occur in a flower after fertilisation. (200 words)arrow_forward
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